POSTOPERATIVE PAIN

This study tested whether adding a mesh patch during stoma reversal surgery reduces the chance of developing a hernia at the surgical site. Sixty-two patients with temporary stomas were randomly assigned to receive either mesh reinforcement or standard closure. The researchers tr…

This study tested a new long-acting painkiller called HTX-011 in 412 people having bunion surgery. The goal was to see if it could control pain better than a standard numbing drug or a placebo, and reduce the need for opioid pain pills. Participants received a single injection in…

This study tested a new long-acting painkiller called HTX-011 in 418 adults having open hernia repair. The goal was to see if it reduces pain and the need for opioid pain pills after surgery. Participants received either HTX-011, a standard painkiller, or a placebo injected into …

This study tested whether using sound waves to activate a cleaning solution during root canals on baby molars reduces children's pain afterward. Thirty children aged 5 to 8 took part. Researchers compared a standard pain scale with an AI app that reads facial expressions to see w…

This study looked at 120 adults having gallbladder surgery to find the best position for a pain-relieving back injection called an ESP block. Patients received the injection while lying on their side, on their stomach, or sitting up. The goal was to see which position gave the be…

This study looked at ways to improve pain control after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Researchers tested adding either ketamine or a fentanyl skin patch to a standard nerve block (erector spinae plane block). The goal was to see which combination helped patients go longer befo…

This study looked at whether using ice packs after hemorrhoid surgery can reduce pain and the need for strong painkillers. Researchers compared 429 patients who either used ice packs or received standard care. The goal was to see if this simple, low-cost method could improve reco…

This study tested a new painkiller called HTX-011 in 243 women having breast augmentation surgery. The drug was given as a nerve block before surgery to see if it could reduce pain and the need for opioid painkillers afterward. The main goal was to measure pain levels during acti…

This study tested a single injection of HTX-011, a long-acting pain reliever, given directly into the surgical site during bunionectomy. 78 adults participated to see if it could control pain and reduce the need for opioid painkillers after surgery. The goal was to improve recove…

This study tested whether spraying a mix of budesonide and lidocaine directly at the voice box (glottis) can reduce sore throat after thyroid surgery. 96 adults having thyroid surgery with nerve monitoring were randomly assigned to receive either the drug spray or a saltwater spr…

This study looked at two materials placed in the socket after removing impacted wisdom teeth: platelet-rich fibrin (PRF, made from the patient's own blood) and an absorbable collagen sponge. The goal was to see which one leads to better healing, less pain, and less swelling. Twen…

This study tested whether giving a mix of lidocaine, ketamine, and magnesium during lung surgery helps control pain and lowers the need for strong painkillers like morphine afterward. Researchers followed 118 adults having lung surgery and measured their pain and opioid use in th…

This study tested a new painkiller called HTX-011 in 285 people having knee replacement surgery. The drug was injected into the knee during surgery to see if it could reduce pain and the need for opioid pain pills for up to 3 days after the operation. The goal was to find a bette…

This study looked at two different ultrasound-guided nerve block techniques to manage pain after hip replacement surgery in people aged 65 and older. The goal was to see which method leads to better recovery quality, less pain, and fewer complications like confusion or nausea. Re…

This study tested whether a nerve block used for cleft palate surgery could also reduce pain and opioid use in children having their tonsils and adenoids removed. 114 children aged 6 months to 18 years participated. Researchers added dexmedetomidine to the nerve block to see if i…

This study tested whether a superficial cervical plexus block (a numbing injection in the neck) helps people recover better after thyroid surgery. 160 adults were randomly given either the numbing drug bupivacaine or a saltwater placebo while under anesthesia. The main goal was t…

This study looked at two different numbing injections (ELB and SPSIPB) to see which works better for pain after lung surgery. Sixty adults having video-assisted lung surgery received one of the two blocks. Researchers tracked pain levels, how much extra pain medicine was needed, …

This study tested whether a 20-minute virtual reality session could help patients feel less pain and fatigue after a liver transplant. 84 patients were split into two groups: one tried VR, the other got standard care. Researchers measured pain, fatigue, and vital signs before and…

This study tested whether thread embedding acupuncture at a specific back point (EX-B2 L1) can reduce pain and improve quality of life in people donating a kidney through laparoscopic surgery. 32 healthy kidney donors were randomly assigned to get either real acupuncture with a d…

This study tested whether removing the drainage tube after kidney stone surgery (tubeless PCNL) reduces pain and the need for painkillers compared to the standard method. Sixty adults with large kidney stones were randomly assigned to one of the two procedures. The goal was to se…

This study tested whether using ice packs on surgical incisions helps patients feel better after surgery. About 196 adults having chest, belly, or groin surgery either used ice packs every 4 hours for 3 days plus standard care, or standard care alone. The main goal was to see if …

This study tested whether a superficial cervical block—a simple injection of numbing medicine in the neck—can reduce the need for strong painkillers (opioids) after anterior cervical discectomy surgery. Sixty adults undergoing this neck surgery were randomly assigned to receive e…

This study tested whether using a combination of dexmedetomidine and lignocaine (opioid-free anesthesia) works as well as fentanyl (opioid-based anesthesia) for pain control during nasal surgeries. Sixty adults undergoing procedures like sinus surgery or septoplasty were split in…

This study looked at whether letting children play with sand before a tonsillectomy can lower their anxiety and pain. 68 kids aged 7-10 took part; half did sand play and half had usual care. The results suggest sand play may be a simple, drug-free way to help children feel calmer…

This study tested two medications, dexmedetomidine and lidocaine, given during breast removal surgery to control pain right after the operation. Forty women took part, and researchers measured how long it took for them to need extra pain medicine. The goal was to find which drug …

This study compared two common pain medicines—gabapentin and diclofenac sodium—in 240 adults recovering from major abdominal surgery. The goal was to see which drug provided better pain relief without needing extra painkillers. Results help doctors choose the best option for post…

This study looked at 72 adults with infected tooth roots to see if the type of sealer used during root canal treatment changes how much pain they feel and how well the tooth heals. Patients received one of three common sealers, and their pain was checked right after treatment and…

This study looked at two methods to control pain after major abdominal surgery: giving morphine through a spinal injection or using a newer nerve block technique. The goal was to see which approach reduces the need for additional pain medicine and causes fewer side effects. 56 ad…

This study tested two types of nerve blocks to control pain after total knee replacement. 62 older adults received either a newer para-sartorial block or a standard femoral-sciatic block. The goal was to see which method reduced the need for extra pain medicine and helped patient…

This study tested two doses of morphine given during spinal anesthesia for planned C-sections to see which provides better pain control with fewer side effects. 240 women received either 75 or 100 micrograms of morphine, and their pain was measured over 24 hours. The goal is to i…

This study looked at whether using different amounts of numbing medicine in a back muscle injection (erector spinae plane block) can reduce pain and the need for morphine after a total abdominal hysterectomy. 80 women having this surgery took part. The goal was to find the best v…

This study tested if a special stretchy tape placed on the skin can reduce pain after heart surgery (CABG). 195 adults who had planned heart surgery were randomly assigned to get real tape, fake tape, or another treatment. Neither patients nor researchers knew who got which. The …

This study tested whether putting lignocaine (a numbing medicine) into the belly during gynecologic open surgery can lower pain and the need for strong painkillers like morphine. 112 women took part, and half got the medicine while the other half got a placebo. The goal was to se…

This study tested whether using no opioids during weight-loss surgery (opioid-free anesthesia) works as well as standard opioid-based anesthesia for controlling pain afterward. Sixty adults with severe obesity having laparoscopic bariatric surgery were randomly assigned to one of…

This study tested whether a numbing medicine called ropivacaine, placed inside the chest during lung cancer surgery, can reduce severe pain afterward. 90 adults having lung surgery for cancer took part. The goal was to see if this simple method works and how much medicine gets in…

This study tested two types of nerve blocks to control pain right after thyroid surgery. Forty adults received either a cervical erector spinae plane block or a cervical plexus block. Researchers measured how much morphine patients needed and how long it took to ask for pain reli…

This study tested two different numbing injections after heart surgery to see which one controls pain better. 72 adults having planned heart surgery were split into two groups: one got a standard chest-wall block, and the other got that block plus an extra block on the side where…

This study compared two ultrasound-guided nerve blocks—erector spinae plane (ESP) block and rhomboid intercostal block (RIB)—for pain relief after breast surgery. 84 patients undergoing unilateral breast surgery received one of the blocks, and researchers measured morphine use an…

This study tested whether doing progressive relaxation exercises after emergency general surgery can help with pain and anxiety. Seventy adults were split into two groups: one did relaxation exercises at 6 hours, 1 day, and 2 days after surgery, while the other received standard …

This study tested an experimental pain-relief drug called HTX-011 in 430 adults recovering from bunionectomy (foot surgery). The drug was given locally at the surgery site to reduce pain. The main goal was to measure pain intensity over the first 24 hours after surgery. Results s…

This study looked at whether adding a TAP block (a type of nerve block) to standard pain medicine after a C-section helps wounds heal better and lowers stress. 105 women having planned C-sections took part. Some got standard pain relief, others also got a TAP block with or withou…

This study looked at whether showing patients a short video before hip replacement surgery could reduce their fear of moving after the operation. 96 adults scheduled for hip replacement were split into two groups: one got the usual verbal instructions plus a video, the other got …

This study looked at 60 women who had a planned cesarean section to see if a diclofenac injection into the muscle or a diclofenac suppository given rectally works better for pain relief. Both groups received the medicine every 8 hours for the first day after surgery. Pain levels …

This study looked at whether placing a drain after knee replacement surgery helps reduce pain right after the operation. 60 patients over age 60 having a first-time knee replacement took part. Researchers measured pain before surgery and at discharge to see if drains made a diffe…

This study looked at whether using different settings on an electronic device that measures tooth length can reduce pain after a second root canal treatment. 144 adults with infected teeth were treated using either a standard method or one of three special modes. Pain levels were…

This study looked at whether taking ibuprofen for eight days after hip or knee replacement is safe. About 2904 adults took part. Researchers tracked serious problems like heart attack, stroke, bleeding, or kidney failure for 90 days after surgery.

This study looked at whether giving patients their pain medication prescription before surgery (during the anesthesia check-up) leads to less pain at home after day surgery compared to giving the prescription after surgery. About 200 adults having day surgery with general anesthe…

This study tested whether adding a numbing injection into the wound and a steroid (dexamethasone) during a planned C-section could lower the number of women experiencing severe pain after surgery. About 100 women participated, and the approach aimed to improve recovery by reducin…

This study tested whether an ultrasound-guided nerve block (external oblique intercostal plane block) can reduce pain after kidney surgery. 25 adults were randomly assigned to receive either the nerve block or standard morphine. The goal was to see how long it took before patient…

This study tested two methods for cleaning a root canal to find out which one leads to less pain after the procedure. 108 adults with tooth pain (irreversible pulpitis) took part. One group used a standard needle for irrigation, the other used a special ultrasonic device (Endo1).…

This study looked at whether adding a special nerve block near the breastbone to a standard chest wall block can lower the amount of strong painkillers (opioids) needed after breast reduction surgery. 90 women having the surgery were split into three groups: one got no nerve bloc…

This study tested two types of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks to manage pain after open total abdominal hysterectomy. 42 adults received either a transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block or an ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric (IIH) block. The goal was to see which block delays the nee…

This study tested whether giving ibuprofen before hernia surgery helps prevent confusion and memory problems in older adults. 76 men aged 65-84 received either ibuprofen or a placebo before surgery. Researchers measured thinking skills, pain levels, and recovery quality to see if…

This study compared two types of nerve blocks (ESP and QL block) to see which one works better for pain after abdominal surgery. 100 adults having surgery for cancer or gallbladder issues took part. The goal was to find which block reduces the need for strong painkillers and lowe…

This study looked at 84 women having a diagnostic hysteroscopy to see if spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia leads to less pain and higher satisfaction. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two methods, and their pain levels and satisfaction were measured after t…

This study looked at whether giving a combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen before surgery (preemptive) reduces the need for strong opioid painkillers after robot-assisted prostate removal compared to giving it after surgery starts (preventive). 154 men having prostate surge…

This study tested three ways to manage pain before inguinal hernia surgery: two types of nerve blocks (QLB and TAP) and local anesthetic injection. The goal was to see which method helps patients recover better and feel less pain after surgery. 90 adults having hernia repair unde…

This study tested whether a short mindfulness lesson before inguinal hernia surgery could help adults feel less pain afterward. Sixty-eight participants received either mindfulness training or standard care. Results showed that those who learned mindfulness reported lower pain le…

This study looked at whether aromatherapy foot massage can reduce pain, improve sleep, and speed up recovery in adults who had their gallbladder removed through keyhole surgery. Over 100 patients took part. The results suggest this simple, drug-free approach may help people feel …

This study tested whether a numbing injection (nerve block) in the neck before thyroid surgery could lower pain and the need for strong painkillers. Forty adults having thyroid surgery were split into two groups: one got the nerve block plus general anesthesia, the other got only…

This study tested whether giving two pain medications together (duloxetine and pregabalin) can better control pain after liposuction surgery compared to standard care. 90 adults undergoing liposuction took part. The goal was to see if the combo reduces the need for stronger paink…

This study looked at whether a special nerve block (called an erector spinae plane block) can reduce pain after lower back surgery. About 100 adults having planned spine surgery were randomly assigned to get either the nerve block or standard pain medicine. The goal was to see if…

This study tested two different ways to numb the arm and shoulder during shoulder surgery to see which provides better pain relief and less risk of temporary diaphragm paralysis (which can affect breathing). Thirty adults having shoulder arthroscopy received either a combination …

This study tested a new type of nerve block, called M-TAPA, to see if it helps control pain after a laparoscopic hysterectomy. Fifty women having the surgery received the block, and their pain was measured over 24 hours. The goal was to see if this block reduces pain and the need…

This study tested whether a single session of light therapy (photobiomodulation) applied to the cheek right after wisdom tooth removal could reduce pain, swelling, and jaw stiffness. 70 adults with impacted lower wisdom teeth took part. The results showed that the light therapy l…

This study looked at 60 children aged 1 to 6 having hypospadias surgery. It compared two types of nerve blocks given with general anesthesia to see which provides better pain relief after surgery. The goal is to improve how we manage pain in young children after this common opera…

This study looked at whether blocking out noise while a person is under general anesthesia for major abdominal surgery can lower their chance of having moderate to severe pain after waking up. Researchers compared pain levels and painkiller use in 304 adults who either had noise …

This study tested whether giving a single dose of S-ketamine during surgery could lower the amount of morphine patients need for pain in the first 24 hours after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Fifty-three relatively healthy adults took part. The goal was to see if S-ketamine h…

This study tested whether adding a continuous infusion of ketamine to standard pain management could reduce opioid use and improve pain control after knee replacement surgery. 100 adult patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard care alone or standard care plus ke…

This study tested whether adding a second nerve block (rectus sheath block) to a standard chest wall block (pectointercostal fascial plane block) could better control pain after heart surgery. 62 adults undergoing elective heart surgery were randomly assigned to receive either th…

This study tested a new nerve block called RISS to see if it helps control pain after chest surgery. 90 adults having chest surgery were split into two groups: one got the RISS block plus general anesthesia, the other got general anesthesia alone. The goal was to see if the block…

This study tested whether adding a special nerve block (called PENG block) to standard pain medicine can better control pain after hip replacement surgery. 64 adults having hip replacement took part. The goal was to see if the block reduces morphine use and improves recovery whil…

This study tested whether giving a low dose of magnesium sulfate during lumbar spine surgery helps reduce pain after the operation. Sixty adults having back surgery received either magnesium or a placebo. The goal was to see if magnesium could lower pain scores and the need for s…

This study tested two types of nerve blocks (SAP and PECS) to see if they reduce pain and help patients recover faster after coronary artery bypass surgery. 243 adults undergoing open heart surgery were randomly assigned to receive one of the nerve blocks or standard pain medicin…

This study tested whether using an EEG brain-wave monitor during general anesthesia could reduce confusion and pain after dental surgery in children. 92 kids aged 4-10 were split into two groups: one got standard monitoring, the other got extra EEG guidance. The goal was to see i…

This study tested a new long-acting painkiller called HTX 011 in 63 adults having hernia surgery. The goal was to see if it could help patients avoid or reduce the need for opioid pain pills after the operation. The study is complete, and results will show how well the drug contr…

This study looked at whether adding a rectus sheath block (a type of nerve block) to general anesthesia can better control pain after a midline cut in the belly. 46 adults having abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to get either general anesthesia alone or with the block. Re…

This study compared two types of nerve blocks (ESPB and SPSIPB) to standard pain medicine for people having chest surgery with small incisions. 110 adults took part to see which method worked best for pain in the first two days after surgery. The goal was to find a way to reduce …

This study tested two methods of placing a tiny tube (catheter) near nerves to deliver pain medicine after hand surgery. 140 adults having hand surgery took part. The goal was to see which method provides better numbness and pain relief, helping patients recover more comfortably …

This study tested whether giving lidocaine through a vein during liver surgery can reduce pain and the need for strong painkillers (opioids) afterward. 124 adults having minor liver surgery were randomly assigned to receive either lidocaine or a placebo (salt water) during the op…

This study tested three experimental drugs (HTX-011, HTX-002, and HTX-009) to see how well they control pain after open hernia surgery. 463 adults received the drugs by injection or as a topical application. The main goal was to measure pain intensity over the first 24 hours afte…

This study tested two different rinses used at the end of a root canal to see which one leads to less pain afterward. 142 adults with an infected single-root tooth were treated in one visit. They received either octenidine or chlorhexidine as the final rinse. Pain was tracked for…

This study looked at 72 healthy women having planned C-sections to find the best dose of spinal morphine for pain relief. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a low, medium, or high dose of morphine during spinal anesthesia. The main goal was to see how long it took bef…

This study looked at whether a short talk with a mental health professional before surgery could help living kidney donors feel calmer, have more stable vital signs during surgery, and experience less pain afterward. Researchers measured anxiety levels, pain scores, and oxygen le…

This study tested two drugs, magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine, to see which works better for pain control during bladder tumor surgery. 93 adults having surgery under spinal anesthesia took part. Results showed that magnesium sulfate lowered pain scores, delayed the need for…

This study compared two types of nerve blocks (ESPB and Rhomboid block) to see which one works better for pain after lung surgery. 76 adults having lung surgery with a small camera (VATS) were randomly assigned to receive one of the blocks. The researchers measured pain levels, h…

This study tested whether common anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work as well as a mild opioid for pain after minor surgery. Thirty adults received one of three painkillers before their operation. Researchers measured their pain levels in the recovery room to see which drug prov…

This study looked at whether giving a single high dose of vitamin C through a vein, along with nerve blocks, could help reduce pain and soreness after total knee replacement surgery. 73 adults aged 50 to 80 took part. The goal was to see if this combination improves early recover…

This study tested whether a mix of low-dose ketamine and lidocaine works as well as fentanyl for pain after gynecologic surgery. 70 adults were randomly assigned to receive either the combo or fentanyl during surgery. The goal was to see if the combo could control pain and reduce…

This study looked at whether giving a numbing injection around the eye before vitreoretinal surgery (a type of eye surgery) can lower pain, nausea, and a reflex that slows the heart during the operation. 184 adults having this surgery received general anesthesia plus one of three…

This study looked at how much local anesthetic to use in a nerve block (called PENG block) to best control pain after hip replacement surgery. Fifty adults having hip surgery received different volumes of the block. The goal was to find the most effective dose to reduce pain scor…

This study tested whether a special nerve block (intertransverse process block) could reduce pain after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) through the breastbone. 76 adults were randomly assigned to receive either the nerve block or a placebo injection before surgery. Researc…

This study looked at whether listening to relaxing classical music after a cesarean delivery can help reduce pain and anxiety. 110 first-time mothers who had a C-section took part. Starting 24 hours after birth, the music group listened to 15 minutes of music every hour, while th…

This study tested a special stitching method during C-sections to see if it reduces pain and helps women walk sooner after surgery. Sixty women having their first planned C-section took part. Half got the new stitch, half got the standard one. Researchers measured pain levels and…

This study tested a long-acting painkiller called dinalbuphine sebacate in 634 adults having surgery. The goal was to see if it could better control pain after surgery, which might help prevent complications like pneumonia and chronic pain. Researchers measured pain levels and ho…

This study tested whether adding ketamine to general anesthesia could reduce the need for morphine and lessen pain after breast cancer surgery. About 230 adults having a mastectomy or lumpectomy took part. The goal was to see if ketamine helps control post-operative pain and lowe…

This study tested a special type of electrical stimulation (TENS-WAA) on 156 people who had lung surgery for cancer. The goal was to see if it could reduce pain after the operation better than a fake device. The treatment is non-invasive and aims to help patients recover faster w…

This study tested three simple, drug-free ways to manage pain after knee replacement surgery: using a virtual reality headset, squeezing a squishy toy, or listening to poetry. 140 adults took part, and their pain levels were measured 24 hours after surgery. The goal was to see if…

This study tested two different nerve block techniques to reduce pain after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. 90 adults were randomly assigned to receive either a modified thoracoabdominal nerve block or an oblique subcostal TAP block. Researchers measured pain scores and how …

This study tested two experimental drugs, HTX-011 and HTX-002, to see how well they control pain after abdominoplasty (tummy tuck) surgery. A total of 277 adults scheduled for the procedure took part. The main goal was to measure pain intensity over the first 24 hours after surge…

This study tested whether injecting a long-lasting numbing medicine (bupivacaine) into surgical sites just before patients woke up from jaw surgery could lower pain and the need for strong painkillers. 102 adults having jaw surgery were randomly assigned to get either standard ca…

This study tested a nerve block called ESPB to see if it reduces pain after breast cancer surgery with implant reconstruction. 100 adults having this surgery received either the block or standard care. The goal was to measure pain levels and recovery quality in the first day afte…

This study tested a calcium-phosphate-containing desensitizer (Teethmate Desensitizer) to see if it reduces tooth sensitivity after getting a composite filling. 50 adults aged 18-65 with cavities in vital teeth participated. The desensitizer was applied under the filling and comp…

This study tested two methods of numbing the suprascapular nerve (a key nerve in the shoulder) to control pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Sixty adults having shoulder surgery received either an anterior or posterior nerve block. Researchers measured pain levels, diaphra…

This study tested whether giving IV paracetamol (like Tylenol) before a total abdominal hysterectomy could lower the amount of morphine needed for pain after surgery. Forty women aged 30-50 took part. The goal was to see if this simple approach could reduce reliance on stronger p…

This study compared two methods for controlling pain after planned C-sections: a nerve block (quadratus lumborum block) and spinal morphine. 118 women were followed for 24 hours after surgery. Researchers measured how much extra pain medicine was needed, pain scores, and side eff…

This study compared two types of nerve blocks (TAP and QLB) to see which one better reduces pain and the need for strong painkillers after laparoscopic gallbladder removal. 65 adults having this surgery received one of the two blocks. The goal was to find a safer, more effective …

This study looked at how often people have ongoing pain three months after a sternotomy (chest-opening surgery). Researchers followed 200 adults to measure pain levels and how it affected their daily life. The goal was to better understand who is at risk for chronic pain after th…

This study looked at 120 adults having shoulder surgery to see if feeling a tingling or electric shock during a nerve block (called paresthesia) leads to numbness, weakness, or pain afterward. Researchers noted when paresthesia happened and then called patients after the block wo…

This study looked at how sleep apnea and other health problems like diabetes and high blood pressure affect pain after root canal treatment. Researchers compared pain levels in 78 adults with sleep apnea, systemic diseases, or no health issues. The goal was to see if sleep qualit…

This study surveyed 77 people who had free gingival graft surgery at least one year ago to learn about their experience, pain, and satisfaction. Researchers called participants to ask about discomfort, complications, and whether they would have the procedure again. The goal is to…

This study followed 1000 children aged 1-17 in Sweden who had common surgeries like hernia repair or tonsil removal. Researchers wanted to see how many children experience pain right after surgery and long-term, and whether doctors follow European pain treatment guidelines. The g…

This study looked at how satisfied patients were with their pain control after outpatient ear, nose, and throat surgery. Researchers compared standard opioid painkillers to non-opioid options. 160 adults took part, and the goal was to see if non-opioid medicines could provide equ…

This study looked at how well pain is managed in children right after surgery. Researchers watched 219 kids aged 0-18 and used special pain scales to check if their pain was under control. The goal was to see how often standard treatments work and when extra help is needed.

This study looked at how the painkiller ketorolac affects blood clotting in 40 women after planned C-sections. Researchers used special tests to measure platelet function. The goal was to understand bleeding risk, not to treat a disease. Results may help guide safer pain manageme…

This study looked at 114 boys aged 2 to 7 having urogenital surgery to see if being very anxious before the operation leads to more pain or confusion after waking up. Researchers measured anxiety right before anesthesia and then tracked pain, delirium, and recovery in the recover…

This study observed 120 women having mastectomy for breast cancer to see if the gender of their anesthesiologist and the type of pain relief used affected their pain levels and need for painkillers after surgery. Researchers measured pain at several points in the first 24 hours a…

This study looked back at the records of 489 people who had Achilles tendon surgery to find out what factors lead to moderate-to-severe pain in the first 24 hours after the operation. The researchers created a simple tool (called a nomogram) to help doctors predict which patients…

This study looked at how psychological factors like self-esteem and personality traits influence pain after cosmetic breast surgery. Researchers followed 52 adults to see if these factors could help predict pain levels and recovery. The goal is to create more personalized pain ma…

This study followed 294 knee replacement patients to see how often they experience sudden, severe pain after their nerve block wears off. Researchers tracked pain levels, sleep quality, and satisfaction with pain control. The goal is to help doctors better manage pain after surge…