POSTOPERATIVE PAIN

This study looked at whether taking ibuprofen for eight days after hip or knee replacement surgery is safe. Over 2,900 adults were randomly given either ibuprofen or a placebo. Researchers tracked serious problems like heart attack, stroke, blood clots, kidney failure, and bleedi…

This study tested whether placing a mesh (a supportive screen) during stoma reversal surgery could prevent hernias better than standard closure. 62 patients who had a temporary stoma took part. The researchers measured hernia rates, infections, pain, and hospital stay length.

This study tested whether a natural enzyme-containing mouthwash (ORAL7) helps wounds heal better and reduces pain after impacted wisdom tooth removal, compared to a standard antiseptic mouthwash. 58 adults used either the enzyme mouthwash or chlorhexidine mouthwash for one week a…

This trial tests whether placing a clot made from a patient's own blood (platelet-rich fibrin, or PRF) into the socket after wisdom tooth removal can reduce pain, jaw stiffness, and facial swelling. About 134 adults with impacted lower wisdom teeth will receive either PRF or a st…

This trial tests whether a device that tracks heart rate patterns can help doctors give just the right amount of anesthesia during gallbladder removal surgery. The goal is to use less anesthetic and pain medicine, helping patients wake up faster and leave the recovery room sooner…

This study tested whether a special nerve block, called a rectus-intercostal fascial plane block, can reduce pain and the need for morphine in people who donate part of their liver. Sixty-four donors were randomly assigned to receive either the nerve block plus standard painkille…

This study tested whether a nerve block called the external oblique intercostal plane block can reduce pain after liver transplant surgery. Sixty-four adult patients received either the block or a sham procedure after surgery. Researchers measured how much morphine patients neede…

This study looked at how well paracetamol alone or combined with different NSAIDs (ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, or diclofenac) controls pain after root canal treatment. 185 adults with severe tooth pain took part. The goal was to see if combining drugs works better than paracetamol…

This study tests whether giving magnesium during and after spinal surgery can reduce pain and the need for morphine. Adults undergoing multi-level back surgery are randomly assigned to receive either magnesium or a placebo (saline) infusion for 12 hours after surgery. Pain levels…

This study compared two types of nerve blocks (lumbar vs. sacral erector spinae plane block) for pain after single-level lumbar microdiscectomy surgery. 88 adults were enrolled to see which block reduced pain scores and the need for extra painkillers like tramadol. The goal is to…

This study tested whether giving acetaminophen (Tylenol) through an IV works better than taking it as a pill for pain after knee replacement surgery. Researchers measured pain scores and how much extra opioid painkiller patients needed. The goal is to find the best way to manage …

This study tested whether using an ultrasonic device to clean root canals causes less pain afterward than a standard needle. 108 adults with tooth pain had root canals and were randomly assigned to one method. Pain was measured using a scale. The goal is to find which cleaning me…

This study compared two types of nerve blocks—recto-intercostal and external oblique intercostal—for pain relief after laparoscopic gallbladder removal. Sixty adults having elective surgery received one of the two blocks. Researchers measured how much extra painkiller they needed…

This study tested whether a specific nerve block (SPSIP block) reduces pain better than standard local anesthetic during port catheter implantation. Sixty-six adults scheduled for the procedure were randomly assigned to receive either the nerve block or standard numbing. Research…

This study tested a new medicine called HTX-034 to see if it can control pain after bunion surgery better than the standard local anesthetic. 78 adults having bunion surgery received either HTX-034 or the standard treatment. The goal was to measure pain levels and safety over the…

This study tested if a single session of light therapy, applied to the cheek right after removing an impacted wisdom tooth, could reduce pain, swelling, and jaw stiffness. 70 healthy adults took part. The light therapy helped lower pain in the first few days but did not reduce sw…

This study tested whether gabapentin, a drug for nerve pain, could reduce the need for morphine after hip replacement surgery. 103 adults received either gabapentin or a placebo before and for three days after surgery. The main goal was to see how much morphine they used, along w…

This study tested whether putting ice packs on the belly after a planned C-section could lower pain and the need for strong painkillers like opioids. Eighty women who had a C-section under spinal anesthesia took part. Half got standard pain care plus ice packs, and the other half…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks to manage pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The goal is to find which block provides better pain relief while reducing the risk of temporary diaphragm paralysis, a common side effect. Thirty adults having shoulder surgery will…

This study tested whether a nerve block (sphenopalatine ganglion block) could reduce pain after maxillofacial (face) surgery. 60 adults were split into two groups: one received numbing medicine via a gauze and injection in the nose, the other received salt water (placebo) the sam…

This study looked at two ways to repair inguinal hernias using a laparoscopic approach: fixing the mesh with absorbable tacks or placing the mesh without any fixation. Researchers wanted to see which method causes less pain and improves quality of life after surgery. Sixty adults…

This study looked at two methods to reduce pain after heart surgery through a cut in the chest bone. 120 adults received either a nerve block near the breastbone, pain medicine injected into the wound, or standard painkillers. Researchers measured pain levels using a saliva test …

This pilot study tests whether a nerve block called the serratus anterior plane (SAP) block can reduce pain and opioid use after heart surgery. Fifty adults having valve or bypass surgery through a chest incision will receive either the numbing drug ropivacaine or a placebo throu…

This study tested whether giving a numbing injection around the eye before retinal surgery could lower pain, nausea, and a reflex that slows the heart during the operation. 184 adults having vitreoretinal surgery took part. Researchers compared three different numbing medicines t…

This study tested two ways to manage pain in 70 children undergoing chest surgery. One method, the erector spinae plane block, was compared to the standard epidural block. The goal was to see which provides better pain relief and keeps the heart rate and blood pressure more stabl…

This study looked at whether adding magnesium sulfate to a standard numbing medicine (bupivacaine) in a nerve block could improve pain control after a mastectomy. Seventy women having breast cancer surgery received either the standard nerve block or one with added magnesium. The …

This study tested whether a substance made from a patient's own blood, called platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), could reduce pain, swelling, and jaw stiffness after impacted wisdom tooth surgery. Thirty smokers and nonsmokers each had one tooth socket treated with PRF and the other lef…

This study compared two painkillers, nalbuphine and morphine, given through a patient-controlled pump to women recovering from laparoscopic myomectomy (surgery to remove uterine fibroids). The goal was to see which drug provides better pain relief and causes fewer side effects. E…

This study looked at 40 infants under 1 year old having kidney surgery. They received a pain block with either bupivacaine alone or bupivacaine plus ketamine. The goal was to see if adding ketamine reduces pain and the need for extra pain medicine after surgery.

This study looked at two types of nerve blocks—fascia iliaca block and femoral nerve block—to see which one works better for pain control in people having hip fracture surgery. 80 adults were randomly assigned to receive one of the two blocks before spinal anesthesia. The main go…

This study looked at whether using a special laser (diode laser) after a common dental procedure called direct pulp capping can help reduce pain and tooth sensitivity. Fifty-six people with tooth decay that reached the nerve were treated. Half got standard care, and half got stan…

This study tested two types of nerve blocks (SAP and PECS II) to see if they could reduce pain after coronary artery bypass grafting. 243 adults received one of the blocks or standard care. Researchers measured pain scores, opioid use, and recovery times. The goal was to find a b…

This small pilot study tested whether two NSAIDs (ketorolac and diclofenac) work as well as a weak opioid (tramadol) for pain after minimally invasive surgery. Thirty adults received a single dose of one of the three drugs before surgery, and their pain levels were tracked afterw…

This completed study tested whether giving children the drug dexmedetomidine during tonsillectomy surgery could reduce pain and agitation afterward. 85 children aged 2-10 took part. Researchers measured pain and anxiety levels after the operation to see if the drug helped compare…

This study tested two types of nerve blocks to see which provides better pain relief for children aged 1 to 6 after hypospadias surgery. Sixty kids received either a pudendal nerve block or a dorsal penile nerve block, both guided by ultrasound. Researchers measured pain levels a…

This study looked at how much local anesthetic to use in a nerve block (called PENG block) to control pain after hip replacement surgery. 50 adults having hip surgery received different volumes of the block. The goal was to find the best dose to reduce pain, lower the need for pa…

This study tested whether a short virtual reality session could help reduce pain and fatigue in patients who just had a liver transplant. 84 patients were split into two groups: one got a 20-minute VR experience, the other got standard care. Researchers measured pain, fatigue, an…

This study tested two ways to manage pain after heart surgery: one using a single nerve block near the breastbone, and another adding a second block near the ribs. 72 adults having planned heart surgery took part. The goal was to see if the combined block reduced pain and helped …

This study tested whether having children gargle with a ketamine solution just before tonsillectomy surgery could reduce their pain afterward. 420 children aged 4 to 12 years participated, with half receiving the ketamine gargle and half a placebo (salt water). The researchers me…

This study compared two ultrasound-guided nerve blocks for pain after open hysterectomy: the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and the ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric (IIH) block. 42 adults having elective surgery were randomly assigned to one block. The main goal was to see w…

This study looked at whether a special nerve block called PENG can help people who have partial hip replacement surgery feel less pain and need fewer painkillers. 48 adults having this surgery were split into two groups: one got the nerve block plus usual care, the other got usua…

This study tested whether using different amounts of numbing medicine in a back muscle injection (erector spinae plane block) could reduce pain and the need for morphine after a hysterectomy. 80 women having the surgery took part. The goal was to find the best volume for safer, m…

This study tested whether injecting a long-lasting numbing medicine (bupivacaine) into surgical sites just before waking up from anesthesia could reduce pain and the need for strong painkillers after jaw surgery. 102 adults having jaw surgery took part. Researchers measured pain …

This study tested whether placing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) made from the patient's own blood or an absorbable collagen sponge into the socket after wisdom tooth removal improves healing. Twenty-nine healthy adults with impacted lower wisdom teeth on both sides took part. Each s…

This study tested whether using different modes on an electronic apex locator (a tool that measures tooth canal length) during root canal retreatment could reduce pain afterward. 144 adults with infected teeth were split into four groups: one used a standard locator, and three us…

This study tested whether a single dose of S-ketamine, given during surgery, could lower the amount of morphine patients needed for pain in the first 24 hours after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. 53 relatively healthy adults took part. The goal was to see if S-ketamine could i…

This study compared two ways of doing kidney stone surgery (PCNL). In the standard method, a tube is left in the kidney to drain urine, which can cause pain. In the tubeless method, no tube is placed. Researchers measured pain and painkiller use in 60 adults after surgery. The go…

This study tested two different nerve block methods—M-TAPA and OSTAP—to see which provides better pain relief after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. 90 adults having surgery were randomly assigned to receive one of the blocks or standard painkillers. Researchers measured pain…

This study tested two doses of spinal morphine (75 vs 100 micrograms) in 240 women having planned C-sections to see which provides better pain control with fewer side effects. Pain was measured using a standard scale over 24 hours after surgery. The goal is to find the best dose …

This study tested whether a nerve block given before thyroid surgery can reduce pain and the need for strong painkillers. Forty adults having thyroidectomy were split into two groups: one received the nerve block plus general anesthesia, the other only general anesthesia. Researc…

This study tested whether spraying a mix of budesonide and lidocaine directly on the voice box during thyroid surgery could prevent the common problem of sore throat afterward. 96 adults having thyroid surgery with nerve monitoring were randomly assigned to get either the drug mi…

This study compared two types of nerve blocks (TAP and QLB) to see which one better controls pain and reduces the need for strong painkillers after laparoscopic gallbladder removal. 65 adults having this surgery received one of the two blocks. The goal was to find a safer way to …

This study tested two different methods (paracoracoid vs. costoclavicular) for placing tiny catheters near nerves to deliver pain medicine after hand surgery. 140 adults having outpatient hand surgery took part. The goal was to see which approach provides better numbness and pain…

This study tested whether wearing noise-cancelling earphones during general anesthesia can lower the chance of moderate to severe pain after major abdominal surgery. Researchers enrolled 304 adults aged 18-70 undergoing elective surgery lasting at least 2 hours. The goal was to s…

This study tested a new type of nerve block, called RISS, to see if it helps control pain after video-assisted chest surgery. 90 adults were randomly assigned to receive either the RISS block plus general anesthesia or general anesthesia alone. The goal was to see if the block re…

This study tested whether a nerve block (suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block) can reduce pain and the need for strong painkillers in children after tonsil and adenoid removal. 114 children aged 6 months to 18 years took part. The block was given during surgery, and some children…

This study looked at two types of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks for pain after hip replacement surgery in 62 patients aged 65 and older. One group got a PENG block plus a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block, the other got a PENG block plus a lumbar erector spinae plane block. …

This study tested three different pain-relief drugs (HTX-011, HTX-002, HTX-009) in 463 adults after open hernia surgery. Participants rated their pain over 24 hours to see how well each drug worked. The goal was to find a safe and effective way to manage pain after this common su…

This study tested a drug called HTX-011, which combines two pain relievers (bupivacaine and meloxicam), to see if it can control pain better than standard treatments after hernia surgery. 418 adults having open inguinal hernia repair received either HTX-011, a standard painkiller…

This study tested a single dose of an experimental painkiller called HTX-011 given directly into the surgical site during bunionectomy. 78 adults having foot surgery received the drug to see if it could control pain and reduce the need for opioid painkillers. The goal was to impr…

This phase 2 trial tested two experimental drugs, HTX-011 and HTX-002, for pain relief after abdominoplasty (tummy tuck) surgery. 277 adults received an injection of the drug or a placebo. The main goal was to measure pain intensity over the first 24 hours. The study is now compl…

This study looked at whether adding a low-dose ketamine infusion to standard pain medication can help people who just had knee replacement surgery. One hundred adults were randomly assigned to get either standard pain relief alone or standard relief plus ketamine through a patien…

This study looked at 93 adults having bladder tumor surgery under spinal anesthesia. It compared two intravenous drugs—magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine—to see which better controlled pain after surgery. Magnesium sulfate led to lower pain scores, delayed the need for extra p…

This study tested whether giving ibuprofen before hernia surgery helps older adults avoid confusion and memory problems after the operation. Seventy-six men aged 65-84 received either ibuprofen or a placebo before surgery. Researchers measured their thinking skills, pain levels, …

This completed Phase 3 trial tested HTX-011, a combination of bupivacaine and meloxicam, for pain relief after bunionectomy. 412 adults received either HTX-011, a saline placebo, or standard bupivacaine directly into the surgical site. The goal was to see if HTX-011 reduces pain …

This study tested a drug called HTX-011, which combines two pain relievers (bupivacaine and meloxicam), given as a nerve block before breast augmentation surgery. The goal was to see if it reduces pain and the need for opioid painkillers after the operation. The trial involved 24…

This study tested whether two types of nerve blocks (SAP and PECS) can reduce pain and shorten the time patients need a breathing tube after heart bypass surgery. 243 adults undergoing open heart surgery received either a nerve block or standard pain medication. Researchers measu…

This Phase 2 trial tested a drug called HTX-011 (a mix of bupivacaine and meloxicam) in 63 adults having open inguinal hernia repair. The goal was to see if this painkiller combo, along with other non-opioid medicines, could reduce the need for opioid painkillers after surgery. T…

This study tested a new type of nerve block, called M-TAPA, to see how well it controls pain after a laparoscopic hysterectomy. Fifty women having the surgery received the block, and their pain was measured over 24 hours. The goal was to find a better way to manage pain after thi…

This study tested a new pain-relieving medicine called HTX-011 in 285 people having knee replacement surgery. The medicine was injected into the surgical area to see if it could reduce pain and the need for strong opioid painkillers. The goal was to find a safer, more effective w…

This study tested a special stitching technique during C-sections to see if it reduces pain and helps women get out of bed sooner. 60 women having their first C-section took part. The new method aims to put less tension on the tissue, which may lead to less pain and faster recove…

This study looked at 120 adults having gallbladder surgery to see if the position they are in when getting a nerve block (called an ESP block) affects pain after surgery. Patients were placed on their side, stomach, or sitting up during the block. The goal was to find which posit…

This study tested an experimental pain medication called HTX-011 in 430 adults recovering from bunion surgery. The goal was to see if it reduces pain better than standard treatments. Participants received the drug locally at the surgery site, and pain levels were tracked for 24 h…

This study tested two methods of numbing the suprascapular nerve (a nerve in the shoulder) to control pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Sixty adults scheduled for shoulder surgery received either an anterior or posterior nerve block. Researchers measured pain levels, diap…

This study tested whether avoiding opioids during weight-loss surgery leads to less pain and fewer side effects like nausea. Sixty adults having laparoscopic bariatric surgery were randomly assigned to receive either opioid-free anesthesia (using other drugs) or standard opioid-b…

This study looked at whether adding a nerve block near the breastbone to a standard chest wall block could reduce painkiller use after breast reduction surgery. 90 women were split into three groups: one got no nerve block, one got a standard block, and one got both blocks. Resea…

This study compared two types of nerve blocks (ESPB and SPSIPB) to standard pain medicine for controlling pain after video-assisted lung surgery. 110 adults were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The goal was to see which method provides better pain relief and reduces the…

This study tested whether letting children play with sand before a tonsillectomy could lower their anxiety and pain. Sixty-eight kids aged 7 to 10 were split into two groups: one did sand play, the other got standard care. Researchers measured anxiety before surgery and pain afte…

This study tested whether adding ketamine or a fentanyl patch to a standard nerve block can improve pain control after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. 120 adults were enrolled. The main goal was to see how long it took before patients needed extra pain medicine.

This study compared two types of nerve blocks (ESPB and rhomboid block) for controlling pain after lung surgery. 76 adults having a lobectomy via VATS were randomly assigned to receive one of the blocks with bupivacaine. The goal was to see which block better reduces pain and the…

This study looked at whether giving a low dose of magnesium sulfate during lower back surgery can help reduce pain afterward. Sixty adults having lumbar spine surgery received either magnesium or a placebo. The goal was to see if magnesium could lower pain scores and the need for…

This study looked at 60 adults having lung surgery (VATS) to compare two types of nerve blocks for pain relief: the Edge Laminar Block and the Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block. Researchers measured pain scores, how much opioid painkiller patients needed, and si…

This study tested whether a nerve block using bupivacaine (a numbing medicine) improves recovery after thyroid surgery. 160 adults were randomly assigned to receive either the nerve block or a placebo before surgery. The main goal was to see if the block led to a better quality o…

This study tested two methods to control pain after major abdominal surgery: a spinal injection of morphine and a newer nerve block technique. The goal was to see which provides better pain relief with fewer side effects. 56 adults participated, and the study measured how much ex…

This study tested if adding a rectus sheath block (a nerve block) to general anesthesia helps control pain after abdominal surgery. 46 adults having a midline incision were randomly assigned to get either general anesthesia alone or with the block. Researchers measured pain score…

This study compared two methods for controlling pain after a planned C-section: a nerve block (quadratus lumborum block) and a spinal injection of morphine. 118 women who had a C-section under spinal anesthesia took part. The main goal was to see which method reduced the need for…

This study tested three simple distraction methods—virtual reality headset, a squishy squeeze toy, and poetry reading—to see if they could help control pain after total knee replacement surgery. 140 adults were split into four groups, with three trying one of the distractions and…

This study looked at 60 women having planned C-sections to see whether a diclofenac shot in the muscle or a rectal suppository works better for pain relief. Both methods were given every 8 hours for the first day after surgery. The goal is to help doctors choose the most effectiv…

This study compared spinal anesthesia to general anesthesia in 84 women undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy, a procedure to look inside the uterus. Researchers measured pain levels and patient satisfaction after the procedure. The goal was to find which method causes less discomfo…

This study tested whether giving paracetamol (acetaminophen) through an IV before a total abdominal hysterectomy reduces the need for morphine afterward. Forty women aged 30-50 took part. The goal was to see if they used less morphine and felt less pain in the first 24 hours afte…

This study tested whether putting lignocaine (a numbing medicine) inside the abdomen during gynecologic open surgery can reduce pain afterward. 112 women having surgery like hysterectomy or cystectomy took part. The goal was to see if this approach lowers pain scores and the need…

This study tested whether using a combination of dexmedetomidine and lignocaine (opioid-free anesthesia) could control pain as well as standard fentanyl (opioid-based anesthesia) in 60 adults undergoing nasal surgeries like sinus surgery or septoplasty. The goal was to see if the…

This study tested whether aromatherapy foot massage can reduce pain, improve sleep, and speed recovery after laparoscopic gallbladder removal. 103 adults received two 10-minute foot massages with essential oils after surgery. Researchers measured pain, sleep quality, and recovery…

This completed phase 1 trial tested whether combining duloxetine and pregabalin can reduce pain after liposuction surgery. 90 adults were given either the drug combo, pregabalin alone, or a placebo before and after surgery. The goal was to see if the combo lowers the need for mor…

This study tested three ways to manage pain during inguinal hernia repair: local anesthetic injection, quadratus lumborum block (QLB), and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. 90 adults having surgery under general anesthesia took part. Researchers measured recovery quality a…

This completed trial tested whether a nerve block called an erector spinae plane (ESP) block can reduce pain after lumbar spine surgery. 102 adults were randomly assigned to receive either the ESP block or standard pain treatment. Researchers measured pain scores, opioid use, and…

This study looked at three different root canal sealers to see if any caused less pain or helped teeth heal faster. Seventy-two adults with infected single-rooted teeth received standard root canal treatment with one of the sealers. Pain was checked right after, at 24 hours, and …

This study tested whether giving lidocaine through a vein during and after liver surgery can reduce pain and the need for strong painkillers like opioids. 124 adults having minor liver surgery were randomly assigned to receive either lidocaine or a placebo (salt water). Researche…

This study tested whether applying ice packs over surgical incisions every 4 hours for up to 72 hours can improve patients' recovery after chest, abdomen, or groin surgery. 196 adults were randomly assigned to receive cryotherapy plus standard care or standard care alone. The mai…

This study tested whether thread embedding acupuncture (placing a tiny thread under the skin at a specific back point) can reduce pain and improve quality of life after laparoscopic kidney donation surgery. 32 healthy kidney donors took part. Half received the real acupuncture pl…

This study tested two types of nerve blocks to control pain after total knee replacement. 62 patients received either a new para-sartorial block or a standard femoral-sciatic block. The goal was to see which provides better pain relief with less muscle weakness. Results will help…

This completed study tested whether a special type of electrical nerve stimulation, based on wrist-ankle acupuncture theory (TENS-WAA), can reduce pain after video-assisted lung surgery. 156 adults undergoing lung cancer surgery received either real TENS-WAA or a sham device. The…

This study tested whether elastic therapeutic taping can reduce pain after open-heart surgery (CABG). 195 patients were randomly assigned to receive real tape, placebo tape, or another supportive treatment near the surgical site. Neither patients nor researchers knew who got whic…

This study tested two different ways to numb the arm and shoulder during shoulder surgery to see which provides better pain relief and less impact on breathing. Thirty adults having shoulder arthroscopy received either a combination of two nerve blocks or a single block. Research…

This study tested whether using EEG brain-wave monitoring during general anesthesia could reduce postoperative delirium and pain in children aged 4-10 having dental surgery. 92 children were randomly assigned to receive either standard anesthesia care or EEG-guided care. Research…

This study tested two different nerve blocks to control pain right after thyroid surgery. Forty adults received either a cervical erector spinae plane block or a cervical plexus block. Researchers measured how much morphine patients needed and how long until they first asked for …

This study tested whether doing progressive relaxation exercises after emergency general surgery could help with pain, anxiety, and vital signs like heart rate and breathing. Seventy adults were randomly assigned to either do these exercises at specific times after surgery or rec…

This study tested a calcium-phosphate desensitizer applied under composite fillings to see if it reduces post-treatment tooth sensitivity. Fifty adults with cavities received either the desensitizer or no treatment. Pain was measured using a visual scale and a numerical rating. T…

This study tested whether showing patients a short video about moving after hip replacement surgery could reduce their fear of movement and pain. 96 adults scheduled for hip replacement were split into two groups: one got the usual verbal instructions, and the other also watched …

This study compared a single dose of gabapentin (600 mg) versus diclofenac sodium (100 mg) given one hour before major abdominal surgery to see which provides better pain relief afterward. A total of 240 adults aged 18 to 60 took part. Pain was measured using a standard pain scal…

This study tested whether a nerve block given before heart surgery can reduce pain and the need for opioids afterward. 76 patients received either the block or a placebo injection. Researchers measured pain scores and opioid use in the first 24 hours after surgery.

This study tested whether a brief psychiatric session one hour before surgery could help living kidney donors feel less anxious, have more stable vital signs during surgery, and experience less pain afterward. 123 donors took part, with some receiving the therapy and others stand…

This study tested whether adding a special nerve block (called PENG block) to standard pain injections could better control pain after hip replacement surgery. 64 adults scheduled for hip replacement took part. The goal was to see if the nerve block reduces the need for morphine …

This study looked at whether adding a numbing injection into the wound and a steroid medication during a planned C-section could lower the number of women experiencing severe pain after surgery. The researchers compared pain scores before and after making this change in 100 women…

This study looked at whether adding a TAP block (a type of nerve block) to standard pain relief after a cesarean section could improve wound healing and reduce stress on the body. 105 women having planned C-sections were randomly assigned to receive either standard pain medicatio…

This study looked at whether giving a single high dose of vitamin C through an IV, along with nerve blocks, could reduce pain and help people recover faster after total knee replacement. 73 adults aged 50 to 80 took part. The researchers measured pain levels, soreness, and how mu…

This study tested whether adding a second nerve block (rectus sheath block) to a standard chest wall block (pectointercostal fascial plane block) improves pain control after heart surgery. 62 adults having elective heart surgery through a breastbone incision were randomly assigne…

This study tested whether a nerve block called erector spinae plane block can reduce pain after breast cancer surgery with implant reconstruction. 100 patients were randomly assigned to receive the block or not. The main goal was to measure pain scores 6 hours after surgery. The …

This study tested three different doses of spinal morphine (50, 150, or 250 micrograms) to see which provides the longest pain relief after a C-section. 72 healthy women participated, and researchers measured how long until they needed extra pain medication. The goal is to improv…

This completed study tested whether a combination of low-dose ketamine and lidocaine can control pain after gynecologic surgery as well as the opioid fentanyl, but with fewer side effects. Seventy adult women undergoing elective surgery were randomly assigned to receive either th…

This study compared two types of nerve blocks—erector spinae plane (ESP) and rhomboid intercostal (RIB)—for managing pain after breast surgery. 84 patients received one of the blocks before their operation. Researchers measured how much morphine they needed afterward and their pa…

This completed study looked at how well a long-acting painkiller called ERDS works for pain after surgery. Researchers followed 634 adults who received an ERDS injection after anesthesia. They measured pain levels and how much extra pain medicine was needed over five days. The go…

This study looked at whether applying ice packs for 10 minutes after hemorrhoid surgery helps reduce pain and the need for strong painkillers. Researchers compared 429 patients who either received ice packing or standard care. The goal was to see if this simple, low-cost method c…

This study tested whether a short mindfulness training session before inguinal hernia surgery could help adults feel less pain afterward. Sixty-eight participants were split into groups, some receiving mindfulness education and others not. Researchers measured pain levels, fear o…

This study looked at whether giving ketamine during anesthesia can reduce the need for morphine and lower pain after breast cancer surgery. About 230 adults having a mastectomy or lumpectomy took part. The goal was to see if ketamine helps avoid morphine's side effects.

This study tested whether a rinse called octenidine reduces pain after root canal treatment better than the standard rinse chlorhexidine. 142 adults with a single-rooted tooth and asymptomatic apical periodontitis received one of the two rinses during their procedure. Pain was re…

This study looked at whether listening to relaxing classical music could help women feel less pain and anxiety after a cesarean delivery. 110 first-time mothers who had a C-section took part. Starting 24 hours after birth, the music group listened to 15 minutes of classical music…

This study tested whether a superficial cervical block—a local anesthetic injection in the neck—can reduce the need for opioid painkillers after anterior cervical discectomy surgery. Sixty adults scheduled for this neck surgery were randomly assigned to receive either the block o…

This study tested whether giving a combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen before robot-assisted prostate surgery reduces the need for strong opioid painkillers afterward. 154 men were randomly assigned to receive the drug either before or during surgery. The main goal was to …

This study tested whether using a sonic device (EDDY) during root canal treatment in children's baby molars reduces pain afterward. Thirty children aged 5-8 with tooth infections received either sonic-activated cleaning or standard cleaning. Pain was measured using a face scale a…

This study tested whether a numbing medicine called ropivacaine, given through a chest tube, can reduce severe pain after lung cancer surgery. 90 adults having a thoracotomy (chest opening) for cancer received either ropivacaine or a saltwater placebo every 6 hours for 2 days. Th…

This study tested whether a specific nerve block, called an external oblique intercostal plane block, could reduce pain after kidney removal surgery. Twenty-five patients were split into two groups: one received the nerve block with a numbing medicine, and the other received morp…

This study tested two types of nerve blocks—Quadratus Lumborum (QL) and Erector Spinae (ESP)—to see which provides better pain relief after abdominal surgery. 100 adults having surgery for colorectal, prostate, or kidney cancer, or gallbladder removal, received one of the blocks …

This study tested two drugs, dexmedetomidine and lidocaine, given during surgery to control pain after a mastectomy. 40 women took part. The goal was to see which drug delays the need for extra pain medicine and keeps vital signs stable.

This study tracked 582 children aged 6 to 18 who had surgery to see how many still had pain 3 months later. Researchers used a pain questionnaire to measure pain levels and identify risk factors. The goal was to better understand chronic post-operative pain in kids, not to test a…

This study looked at 40 people having both wisdom teeth removed, two weeks apart. Researchers measured two natural chemicals in the blood—serotonin and kynurenic acid—before and after surgery to see if they relate to pain and anxiety. The goal was to better understand how these c…

This study surveyed 77 people who had a free gingival graft—a gum surgery to improve gum health—at least one year earlier. Researchers asked about pain, complications, appearance, and whether they would do it again. The goal is to better understand patient experiences and satisfa…

This study looked at how patients view the routine pain checks they receive after planned surgery. Researchers surveyed and interviewed 312 adults to understand whether these checks feel supportive or stressful, and how that affects trust in nurses and willingness to report pain.…

This study looked at how ketorolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain after cesarean delivery, affects platelet function and blood clotting. Researchers measured clotting in 40 women undergoing scheduled C-sections using special blood tests. The goal wa…

This study looked at whether parents' confidence in letting their child be independent affects how much pain children feel after minor surgery. About 150 children aged 3 to 18 and their parents took part at a hospital in Turkey. Parents filled out questionnaires, and children's p…

This completed study looked at how sleep apnea and other health problems like diabetes and high blood pressure affect pain after root canal treatment. 78 adults were divided into three groups: those with sleep apnea, those with diabetes or high blood pressure, and healthy people.…

This study looked at 489 patients who had Achilles tendon surgery to find out what factors lead to moderate-to-severe pain in the first 24 hours. Researchers created a prediction tool (nomogram) based on these risk factors. The goal is to help doctors identify high-risk patients …

This study looked at 120 women having mastectomy for breast cancer to see if the gender of their anesthesiologist affected their pain and need for painkillers after surgery. Researchers compared pain scores and medication use between patients treated by male versus female anesthe…

This study looked at 114 boys aged 2 to 7 having urogenital surgery to see if being anxious before the operation leads to more pain or confusion after waking up. Researchers measured anxiety before surgery and then tracked pain, delirium, and recovery speed in the recovery room. …

This study followed 294 knee replacement patients to see how often they experienced sudden, severe pain after their nerve block wore off. Researchers tracked pain levels, sleep quality, and patient satisfaction. The goal was to better understand this 'rebound pain' and improve pa…

This study looked at how satisfied patients were with their pain control after outpatient ear, nose, and throat (ENT) procedures. Researchers compared those who received opioid pain medication to those who received non-opioid alternatives. 160 adults participated, and the main go…

This completed study looked at 200 patients who had a sternotomy (chest-opening surgery) to find out how many develop chronic pain three months later. Researchers asked about pain type, intensity, and how it affects daily life. The goal is to better understand the problem and ide…

This study looked at 200 adults having day surgery with general anesthesia. One group received their pain medication prescription before surgery, the other after. Researchers tracked how many people had moderate-to-severe pain at home within 24 hours. The goal was to see if givin…

This study looked at how well pain is managed in children right after surgery. Researchers watched 219 kids aged 0-18 years during their first hour in recovery, using pain scales suited to each age group. The goal was simply to measure how often standard care keeps pain scores lo…

This completed study followed 1000 children aged 1-17 in southern Sweden who had common surgeries like hernia repair or tonsillectomy. Researchers wanted to see how many children develop long-lasting pain after surgery and whether doctors follow recommended pain treatment guideli…

This study examined whether giving lidocaine, ketamine, and magnesium during lung surgery helps reduce pain and the need for morphine afterward. Researchers followed 118 adults who had lung surgery and recorded their pain levels and opioid use. The goal was to see if this drug co…

This study looked at 52 adults having cosmetic breast surgery to see if things like self-esteem, anxiety, and personality traits affect how much pain they feel afterward. Before surgery, participants filled out questionnaires about their mental state and pain expectations. After …

This study looked at 120 adults having shoulder surgery. Researchers wanted to see if a tingling or electric shock feeling (called paresthesia) during a nerve block injection leads to nerve symptoms like numbness or weakness after the block wears off. They tracked what happened d…

This study looked at whether placing a drain in the knee after total knee replacement reduces early postoperative pain. Sixty patients over age 60 were randomly assigned to receive a drain or not. Pain was measured before surgery and at discharge using a 0-10 scale. The goal is t…