POSTOPERATIVE PAIN

This study tests whether giving the pain drug Anrikefon before or during gallbladder surgery works better for reducing pain and helping recovery. 274 adults having laparoscopic gallbladder removal will receive the drug either 15 minutes before anesthesia or right after the gallbl…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks for pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The standard block can sometimes cause temporary diaphragm paralysis. The newer block aims to provide similar pain relief with fewer risks. Eighty adults undergoing shoulder surgery will b…

This study tests whether a nerve block (erector spinae plane block) combined with low-flow anesthesia can improve recovery and reduce opioid use after laparoscopic gallbladder removal. 72 adults aged 18-65 will be randomly assigned to receive either the nerve block plus low-flow …

This study tests a new nerve block called the External Oblique Intercostal Plane Block (EOIB) to see if it reduces pain and the need for opioids after major upper abdominal surgery. 78 adults having laparoscopic surgery on the stomach, liver, gallbladder, or pancreas will be rand…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks given before modified radical mastectomy to see which provides better pain relief and reduces the need for strong painkillers. Eighty women scheduled for surgery will receive one of the two blocks, and researchers will track their pai…

This study compares two ways to block pain after hypospadias surgery in children aged 6 months to 7 years. One method uses a sacral erector spinae plane block, the other a caudal epidural block. Researchers will measure pain scores, how much extra pain medicine is needed, and any…

This study tests whether a combination of a long-lasting numbing drug (liposomal bupivacaine) injected into the belly wall plus a special painkiller (oxycodone) given through an IV can help the gut recover faster after major abdominal surgery. 132 adults having small bowel or col…

This trial tests two types of nerve blocks—erector spinae plane block and rhomboid intercostal-subserratus plane block—for pain after laparoscopic gallbladder removal. About 80 adults having elective surgery will receive one of the blocks before the procedure. Researchers will me…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks—SPSIP and RISS—given before lung surgery to control pain and help breathing afterward. Eighty-four adults having a specific type of lung surgery will receive one of the two blocks. Researchers will measure pain at the chest tube site,…

This study tests whether a special nerve block called M-TAPA can reduce pain and the need for strong painkillers after laparoscopic hysterectomy. Sixty women having the surgery will be randomly assigned to receive either the nerve block or standard care. Researchers will measure …

This study compares using bupivacaine (a numbing medicine) versus salt water (placebo) to wash the inside of the abdomen after laparoscopic gallbladder removal. The goal is to see if bupivacaine provides better pain relief. 106 adults aged 18–60 having elective surgery are being …

This study compares two methods for controlling pain after hip surgery: a nerve block (fascia iliaca compartment block) and a spinal injection of nalbuphine. 120 adults having hip surgery under spinal anesthesia will be randomly assigned to one of the two methods. The main goal i…

This study compares opioid-free anesthesia to standard opioid-based anesthesia in 40 adults undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. The goal is to see if avoiding opioids reduces the body's stress response and inflammation during and after surgery. Researchers will meas…

This study tests if a safe, non-invasive nerve stimulation on the ear can lower pain and the need for strong painkillers after abdominal or urologic surgery. 174 adults will receive either real stimulation at different frequencies or a sham (fake) treatment before and after surge…

This study tests a special gel called RADA-16 that is applied to the throat after tonsil removal. The goal is to see if it reduces bleeding and pain compared to standard care. About 134 adults having tonsillectomy will take part and report their symptoms via online surveys for 15…

This study compares two common pain-relief techniques—ESP block and EXORA block—used after laparoscopic kidney removal. Researchers will track pain scores, need for extra pain medication, and recovery quality in 84 adults. The goal is to see if one block offers better pain contro…

This study tests whether giving the anti-inflammatory drug dexketoprofen through a vein can prevent or lessen the severe pain that often occurs when a nerve block wears off after shoulder surgery. About 66 adults having arthroscopic shoulder surgery will be randomly assigned to r…

This study tests whether applying RADA16 hydrogel to the surgical site during tonsillectomy reduces pain and bleeding in children aged 3-17. Half the children will get the gel, half will not. Families will track symptoms via online surveys for 30 days after surgery.

This study tests whether a specific nerve block, called an external oblique intercostal block, can reduce pain and the need for opioid painkillers after laparoscopic gallbladder removal. Fifty-six adults scheduled for this surgery will be randomly assigned to receive either the n…

This study compares three intravenous painkillers—fentanyl, tramadol, and ibuprofen—given through a patient-controlled pump after lung surgery. The goal is to see which one controls pain and helps patients breathe better in the first 72 hours after surgery. The trial will include…

This study tests whether a compressive cryotherapy device (Game Ready®) can reduce the need for opioid painkillers after total knee replacement surgery. About 74 adults aged 60-80 will be randomly assigned to use either the device or traditional ice packs four times daily for a w…

This study compares two ultrasound-guided nerve blocks for pain after open nephrectomy (kidney removal). 56 adults with kidney cancer will receive either an external oblique intercostal plane block or a posterior transversus abdominis plane block during surgery. The goal is to se…

This study tests two types of nerve blocks (EXORA and ESP) to see which one works better for pain after gallbladder removal. About 114 adults having laparoscopic gallbladder surgery will receive one of the blocks before surgery. The goal is to find which block reduces the need fo…

This study tests whether a special nerve block (quadro-iliac plane block) can reduce pain and the need for painkillers after kidney stone surgery. About 60 adults having this surgery will be randomly assigned to get the block or not. The main goal is to see if the block lowers pa…

This study is testing whether a 15-20 minute hypnosis session, given right before abdominal surgery, can help patients feel less anxious and experience less pain afterward. About 48 adults having abdominal surgery in Morocco will be randomly assigned to receive either hypnosis or…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks (meta-PENG and fascia iliaca) to see which one better reduces pain during hip fracture surgery. About 80 adults having hip fracture surgery will receive one of the blocks as part of their routine care. The goal is to find which block …

This study tests whether rinsing the belly with saltwater during a scarless hysterectomy (vNOTES) can lower pain and the need for painkillers after surgery. About 94 women having the procedure will be randomly assigned to get the rinse or not. The goal is to see if this simple st…

This study tests whether injecting the local anesthetic bupivacaine into the small surgical cuts and the vaginal cuff at the end of a laparoscopic hysterectomy can lower postoperative pain. 120 women having the surgery for non-cancer reasons will be randomly assigned to receive t…

This study looks at whether adding a TAP block (a numbing injection in the belly wall) to standard pain care helps women feel less pain after a C-section. About 70 women having a planned C-section under spinal anesthesia will be randomly assigned to get either the TAP block or us…

This study tests whether a specific nerve block, called the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block, can reduce pain and the need for opioid painkillers after minimally invasive heart valve surgery. 90 adults will be randomly assigned to receive either the nerve block…

This study tests whether giving a set of nerve blocks (injections of numbing medicine) right after anesthesia but before surgery can reduce pain and the need for opioid painkillers after coronary artery bypass grafting. 56 adults scheduled for elective bypass surgery will be rand…

This study tests whether a long-acting painkiller (liposomal bupivacaine) works better than a standard one (ropivacaine) for pain after gallbladder removal. About 86 adults having laparoscopic cholecystectomy will receive one of the two drugs via a nerve block during surgery. Res…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks (paravertebral block and external oblique intercostal block) to standard pain medicine for people having gallbladder removal surgery. About 147 adults will be randomly assigned to one of three groups to see which approach reduces pain…

This study tests whether using a special brain-wave monitor (Conox) during children's tonsil and adenoid surgery can lower the amount of strong painkillers needed and improve recovery. About 128 children aged 3 to 12 will be randomly assigned to either standard monitoring or Cono…

This study aims to find the most effective dose of morphine given into the spinal fluid to control pain after a C-section. Researchers will test different doses in 100 healthy women having planned C-sections, adjusting the dose based on how well the previous participant's pain wa…

This study compares two ways to manage pain after video-assisted lung surgery: a nerve block injected near the ribs and a small dose of morphine given into the spinal fluid. Sixty adults having elective lung surgery will be randomly assigned to one of the two methods before anest…

This study tests whether a robotic seal named PARO can reduce agitation, anxiety, and pain in patients recovering from visceral surgery. 300 adults having elective surgery will either use PARO or not, and their agitation levels will be tracked for three days. The goal is to find …

This study tests whether a special nerve block, called an erector spinae plane block, can reduce pain and the need for strong painkillers after kidney removal surgery. About 66 adults having open nephrectomy will be randomly assigned to get either standard pain relief or the nerv…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks to control pain after total knee replacement. 78 adults will receive one of two combinations of ultrasound-guided injections near the knee. The goal is to see which approach reduces pain and the need for opioid painkillers in the firs…

This study tests a program called the Transitional Pain Service Program for adults who have chronic pain and take opioids before surgery. The program includes pain education, therapy, and a mobile app to help patients manage pain and safely reduce opioid use. Researchers will com…

This study tests whether a specific nerve block, called FRONT, can help people recover better after total hip replacement surgery. 80 adults having hip replacement will be randomly assigned to receive either the FRONT block or standard pain medication. The main goal is to see if …

This study compares two ultrasound-guided nerve blocks to control pain after laparoscopic gallbladder removal. Seventy adults will receive either a modified thoracoabdominal nerve block or a recto-intercostal fascial plane block. The goal is to see which block reduces the need fo…

This study compares two techniques used during lumbar fusion surgery to see which one better reduces bleeding and pain after the operation. About 62 adults having back fusion surgery will be randomly assigned to receive either a large-volume injection of numbing medicine with a v…

This study tests whether using virtual reality (VR) before and after major abdominal surgery can improve recovery and shorten hospital stays. Sixty adults will either receive standard care or add VR sessions with guided relaxation and breathing exercises. The goal is to see if th…

This study compares a new hydrogel wound dressing called Ora-Aid to a standard plastic stent for reducing pain after gum graft surgery. Twenty adults undergoing the procedure will be randomly assigned to receive one of the two treatments. Researchers will track pain levels, paink…

This study tests whether an ultrasound-guided nerve block, given before lumbar spine surgery, can reduce pain and the need for opioid painkillers afterward. Fifty adults scheduled for back surgery will be randomly assigned to receive either the nerve block plus standard pain mana…

This study tests whether a nose spray containing two drugs, dexmedetomidine and esketamine, can reduce pain after tonsil and adenoid surgery in children aged 3 to 7. About 160 kids will receive either the drug combo or a placebo spray right after anesthesia. Researchers will trac…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks given after hip replacement surgery to control pain. Seventy adults having hip surgery will receive either a Deep Iliacus Plane Block or a Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Block. Researchers will measure pain levels, painkiller use, and le…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks to see which one works better for pain after mastectomy surgery. About 66 women having a mastectomy will receive one of the two blocks before surgery. The goal is to find a method that reduces pain, lowers the need for painkillers, an…

This study tests if giving ketamine before laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (a type of weight-loss surgery) can reduce pain after the operation. Researchers will compare how long it takes for patients to need extra pain medicine. The study includes 90 adults with a BMI between 35 …

This study tests three different agents (sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and cold saline) to stop bleeding during a partial pulpotomy, a dental procedure that removes part of the tooth's pulp. Researchers will track pain levels and pulp survival in 75 adults with cavities tha…

This study tests whether a higher dose (8 mg) of the steroid dexamethasone works better than a lower dose (4 mg) or a placebo for pain after dental implant surgery. About 138 adults getting a single tooth implant will be randomly assigned to one of three groups. Pain will be meas…

This study compares a new nerve block (EOIB) to a standard combination of blocks for pain after laparoscopic stomach removal. 100 adults undergoing this surgery will be randomly assigned to receive one of the two blocks. The goal is to see if the new block is as good at reducing …

This study tests whether a newer root canal medication called Bio-C Temp causes less pain between dental visits than the standard calcium hydroxide. Sixty adults needing root canal retreatment will receive one of the two medications. Their pain levels and painkiller use will be t…

This study tests whether a single dose of ketamine given during surgery can help adults with serious orthopedic trauma recover better. Researchers want to see if it reduces pain, lowers the need for opioids, and improves symptoms of depression and PTSD. Ninety participants will b…

This study compares two types of pain blocks—sacral erector spinae plane block and dorsal penile nerve block—in 70 boys aged 1-7 years having hypospadias surgery. The goal is to see which block provides better pain control after the operation. Researchers will measure pain scores…

This study looks at whether a special nerve block (paravertebral block) can better control pain after a mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction compared to usual pain medicines. About 60 women aged 18-70 will take part. The goal is to see if the nerve block reduces pain a…

This study tests if a nerve block done during laparoscopic hernia repair can lower pain and help people recover faster. One hundred adults having elective hernia surgery will be randomly assigned to get the block or not. The block uses a numbing medicine injected under direct vis…

This study tests two types of nerve blocks to see which one works better for pain after breast cancer surgery. 50 women having a mastectomy will get either a newer or a standard block. The goal is to find a way to reduce the need for strong painkillers like morphine and help pati…

This study tests whether giving morphine during coronary artery bypass surgery can improve pain control and reduce side effects like nausea after the operation. Sixty adults scheduled for elective heart surgery will be randomly assigned to receive either morphine or no additional…

This study compares two regional anesthesia techniques to manage pain in 50 adults undergoing heart surgery via a chest incision. One group receives an Erector Spinae Plane Block, while the other gets a combination of Superficial Parasternal Intercostal Plane Block and Serratus A…

This study tests a newer nerve block technique (external oblique intercostal block) against a standard one (erector spinae plane block) for pain after laparoscopic stomach removal. About 184 adults having this surgery will be randomly assigned to one of the two blocks. The main g…

This study tests whether injecting a numbing medicine (bupivacaine) into the cervix area during vNOTES surgery can reduce pain afterward. 58 women with pelvic organ prolapse will receive either the numbing drug or a placebo (salt water). The main goal is to see if pain scores are…

This study looks at whether a special nerve block called the Quadro-Iliac plane block can help people recover better after laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery. About 70 adults having this surgery will either get the nerve block or a placebo, and their recovery quality will be me…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks to control pain after open-heart surgery through the breastbone. Fifty adults having planned heart surgery will receive either a combination of two blocks or a single block, along with standard pain medicines. The goal is to see which…

This study tests whether injecting botulinum toxin (Botox) into the anal muscle one week before hemorrhoid removal surgery can lower pain after the operation. About 292 adults with severe hemorrhoids will get either Botox or a placebo injection before surgery. Researchers will tr…

This study tests a new ultrasound-guided nerve block called the Quadro-Iliac Plane Block to manage pain after lumbar spine surgery. Researchers will enroll 80 adults undergoing elective back surgery to see if the block reduces opioid use and improves recovery quality. The goal is…

This study tests if a numbing injection near the breastbone, given before heart surgery, can lower the amount of strong painkillers (opioids) needed during the operation. The goal is to reduce side effects like nausea and slow breathing. The study will include 80 adults having pl…

This study looks at two different ways to numb the belly area in children aged 1 to 7 who are having surgery for an undescended testicle. The goal is to see which method reduces pain and the need for extra pain medicine after the operation. About 70 children will take part, and n…

This study compares two pain management methods for people having elective lower back surgery. One group gets an ultrasound-guided nerve block (erector spinae plane block) with bupivacaine, while the other receives a combination of pain medicines through an IV. Researchers will u…

This study tests whether a special nerve block (rhomboid intercostal block) can reduce pain and the need for opioid painkillers after breast implant surgery. About 40 women will be randomly assigned to receive either the nerve block plus standard anesthesia or standard anesthesia…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks—sacral erector spinae plane block and pericapsular nerve group block—for pain relief after hip hemiarthroplasty. Eighty adults aged 50-90 with a hip fracture will receive one of the blocks before surgery. Researchers will measure pain…

This study looks at whether giving a numbing injection to the belly muscles before or after gallbladder surgery helps reduce pain and the need for strong painkillers. About 96 adults having their gallbladder removed will be randomly assigned to get the injection either before the…

This study compares two ways to manage pain after minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair: freezing the intercostal nerves (cryoanalgesia) versus an epidural block. About 40 participants aged 13 and older will be randomly assigned to one method. The goal is to see which approa…

This study tests three different nerve blocks to control pain after shoulder surgery. The goal is to find a block that works as well as the standard one but doesn't cause breathing side effects. 120 adults scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy will be randomly assigned to one of the…

This study tests whether combining virtual reality with pleasant smells can lower pain and anxiety in people recovering from heart or lung surgery. About 80 adults scheduled for cardiothoracic surgery will either receive the VR-and-scent therapy or standard care. The goal is to s…

This study tests whether a specific nerve block, called the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block, can reduce pain and opioid use after minimally invasive heart bypass surgery. Sixty adults undergoing this surgery will be randomly assigned to receive either the nerv…

This study tests if simple breathing exercises (pranayama) can reduce pain and improve comfort for women after a cesarean section. About 100 women who had a planned C-section and feel at least moderate pain will be asked to do these exercises. The goal is to see if this drug-free…

This study tests whether getting women up and walking early after a C-section, plus drinking caffeinated Turkish coffee, can improve bowel function, reduce pain, and boost mood. Sixty women who had a planned C-section under spinal anesthesia will be randomly assigned to either ea…

This study tests whether a nerve block called the transversalis fascia plane block can reduce pain and opioid use after hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Fifty living kidney donors will be randomly assigned to receive either standard anesthesia alone or standard anest…

This study tests a single injection of tegileridine fumarate, a new painkiller, for adults recovering from orthopedic surgeries like spinal fusion or knee replacement. Researchers aim to find the dose that works for 90% of patients without causing too many side effects. 180 parti…

This study tests whether melatonin (a natural sleep hormone) works as well as pregabalin (a nerve pain drug) for managing pain and anxiety after spine surgery. About 105 adults aged 21-60 having elective spine surgery will receive one of the two medicines right after surgery. Res…

This study compares an herbal extract called Aescin (Reparil®) to the common painkiller ibuprofen for managing pain, swelling, and jaw stiffness after wisdom tooth removal. About 100 adults aged 18-40 will take either Aescin or ibuprofen for five days after surgery. Researchers w…

This study tests whether having patients keep a pain diary after gallbladder surgery helps them report their pain more accurately than standard methods. About 142 adults having laparoscopic gallbladder removal will either use a diary or receive usual care. The goal is to improve …

This study looks at two ways to control pain after laparoscopic kidney donation surgery: a nerve block injected into the belly muscles before surgery, or numbing medicine injected into the surgical cuts at the end. Pain can make people take shallow breaths, which may harm lung fu…

This study tests whether giving oxytocin (the 'love hormone') through an IV during surgery can reduce pain and the need for opioid painkillers after a minimally invasive hysterectomy. Researchers will compare oxytocin to a placebo in 152 adults aged 18-65. The goal is to find a s…

This study is for children under 6 years old who need heart surgery. It tests a pain medicine called EXPAREL to see if it works well and is safe compared to a standard painkiller. The medicine is given near the surgery area to help with pain after the operation. About 48 children…

This study tests whether a non-invasive device called TENS, which delivers mild electrical currents through the skin, can reduce anxiety and pain and improve satisfaction in 80 adults having laparoscopic gallbladder removal. Participants will receive either standard care or TENS …

This study is testing whether adding a small amount of morphine to the standard spinal anesthesia can improve pain control after a planned C-section, without causing serious side effects for mothers or babies. About 1,300 women will be randomly assigned to receive either morphine…

This study is testing whether a combination of lidocaine spray inside the abdomen and lidocaine given through an IV can reduce pain after laparoscopic fibroid removal. One hundred adults undergoing this surgery will be randomly assigned to receive either the lidocaine combo or a …

This study tests a new medicine called TLC590 for pain after bunionectomy (foot bone surgery). About 300 adults will receive either TLC590, a standard painkiller, or a placebo. The goal is to see if TLC590 reduces pain and the need for opioid painkillers in the first 72 hours aft…

This study tests whether giving a combination of two drugs (lidocaine and dexmedetomidine) during weight-loss surgery can reduce pain, inflammation, and cell stress afterward. About 104 adults having laparoscopic bariatric surgery will receive either the combo, one drug alone, or…

This study tests whether a numbing medicine injected around the cervix during vaginal hysterectomy for prolapse can lower pain and reduce the need for strong opioid painkillers afterward. About 56 participants will receive either the numbing medicine or a placebo (saltwater) inje…

This study is testing whether a low dose of ketamine can reduce the amount of strong painkillers (opioids) needed and improve pain control in people recovering from thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). About 30 adults scheduled for this surgery will receive either ketamin…

This study tests whether a rectus sheath block, a type of nerve block using local anesthetic, can reduce pain and the need for opioid painkillers after cardiac surgery. Researchers will compare opioid use and pain scores in 75 adults who receive the block versus those who do not.…

This study tests a new type of nerve block, called a deep rectus sheath block, to see if it can reduce pain and the need for morphine after laparoscopic gallbladder removal. The trial will involve 60 adults aged 18 to 80 who are scheduled for this surgery. Researchers will measur…

This study looks at whether giving a nerve block (ESPB) before or during lumbar disc surgery better reduces pain and the need for strong painkillers. Sixty adults having back surgery will be split into two groups: one gets the block before surgery, the other during. The goal is t…

This study tests whether tea tree oil mouthwash can reduce pain, swelling, and jaw stiffness after wisdom tooth extraction as well as the standard chlorhexidine mouthwash. Fifty-four adults will use one of the two mouthwashes three times daily for a week after surgery. Researcher…

This study tests whether using a mindfulness app for 4 weeks can reduce anxiety in adults waiting for elective surgery. 40 participants will either use the app plus standard care or standard care alone. Researchers will measure anxiety on the day of surgery and track pain and pai…

This study compares two ointments—lignocaine and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)—for pain relief after hemorrhoid removal. Sixty-four adults will apply one of the ointments three times daily after surgery. Researchers will measure pain scores, wound healing time, and patient satisfacti…

This study compares two types of nerve blocks—paravertebral block and erector spinae plane block—to see which controls pain better during and after thoracotomy (lung surgery). The goal is to reduce the amount of opioids needed during surgery and improve recovery. Sixty adults sch…

This study watches 254 adults after elective surgery to see what factors—like age, type of surgery, or anesthesia—affect how much pain medicine they need in the recovery room. No new treatments are given; researchers just collect data from normal care. The goal is to help doctors…

This study is looking at 150 women having breast cancer surgery to see if their sleep quality in the month before surgery can predict how much pain and inflammation they have afterward. Participants fill out a sleep questionnaire before surgery, and their pain and painkiller use …

This study looks at whether a person's genetic makeup influences how well the painkiller nalbuphine works after abdominal or pelvic surgery. Researchers will collect blood samples from 263 adults before and after surgery to analyze genes linked to pain relief. The goal is to impr…

This study compares two ways of giving anesthesia during brain surgery: a computer-controlled pump versus manual control by the anesthesiologist. The goal is to see which method leads to less postoperative delirium (confusion), pain, and nausea. Researchers will study 70 adults h…

This study looks at whether an ultrasound-guided Quadro-Iliac Plane Block (QIPB) can reduce pain and opioid use after lumbar spinal surgery. Researchers will follow 60 adults undergoing elective surgery, comparing those who receive the block plus standard pain relief to those who…

This study follows 93 adults who need gum graft surgery to cover exposed roots or build up gum tissue. Researchers will track pain, anxiety, and other factors for two weeks after surgery. The goal is to understand what makes pain worse or better, so dentists can tailor care to ea…

This study tests a new device that measures pain by looking at changes in pupil size after a gentle electrical stimulation. Researchers will enroll 100 children and teens ages 6 to 21 who are having surgery or bone marrow transplant. The device is non-invasive and does not change…

This study looks at whether the intense pain people feel right before emergency surgery can turn into chronic pain that lasts for months. Researchers will follow 693 adults having emergency orthopedic or abdominal surgery. They want to see if the level of pain before surgery pred…

This study looks at how a person's genes and other factors influence pain after surgery. Researchers will follow 5,000 adults having planned operations to see which genetic variations are linked to pain levels and painkiller use. The goal is to better understand and personalize p…

This study compares two common opioid pain medicines, fentanyl and remifentanil, given during laparoscopic gallbladder removal. The goal is to see which one allows the bowels to start working again sooner after surgery. About 106 adults having elective gallbladder surgery will be…