National Taiwan University Hospital

This study compares an adjuvanted (boosted) flu vaccine to a standard flu vaccine in 200 adults aged 65 and older who have chronic medical conditions like diabetes or heart disease. Researchers will measure immune response and safety over one year. The goal is to see if the adjuv…

This study compares two treatment schedules for postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis. One group gets romosozumab for 12 months then denosumab for 12 months. The other group cycles between the two drugs every 6 months for 2 years. Researchers will measure bone density and…

This study tests whether wearing a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) helps pregnant women with gestational diabetes control their blood sugar and improve outcomes for both mother and baby. Researchers will also examine how socioeconomic status, diet, and culture affect results. Th…

This study tests whether a probiotic called Clostridium butyricum GKB7 can help children with autism. About 90 kids aged 4 to 15 will take either the probiotic or a placebo for a period. Researchers will also look for biomarkers in the gut and blood to better understand the gut-b…

This study looks at people with heart devices that detect short bursts of irregular heartbeats (atrial high-rate episodes lasting 6 minutes to 24 hours) but no diagnosed atrial fibrillation. It tests whether starting rhythm-control drugs early, along with managing heart risk fact…

This study tests whether the antibiotic rifabutin can improve treatment for people with a stubborn lung infection caused by Mycobacterium abscessus that has become resistant to the common antibiotic clarithromycin. Researchers will enroll 60 adults with active lung disease and me…

This study tests whether using cryopreserved aortic patches (donated tissue) can safely repair defects in the windpipe or bronchial tubes. Ten people with severe tracheal narrowing or deformities will receive this surgical patch. The main goal is to see if it reduces death and co…

This early-phase study tests a new radioactive drug (161Tb-PSMA-I&T) in 12 Taiwanese men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that has stopped responding to hormone therapy. The drug seeks out prostate cancer cells and delivers targeted radiation. The main goal is…

This study tests whether a structured cardiac rehabilitation program with exercise and lifestyle coaching, started after a standard catheter ablation procedure, can help obese patients with atrial fibrillation stay free from the heart rhythm disorder longer. Researchers will foll…

This study tests whether adding bismuth to a 14-day course of vonoprazan and amoxicillin works better at clearing H. pylori infection than the two-drug regimen alone. About 990 adults who have not been treated before will take part. The main goal is to see which approach eradicat…

This study tests whether choosing antibiotics based on lab tests of the bacteria works better than standard antibiotic combinations for people whose H. pylori infection hasn't been cured before. About 450 adults will receive either a tailored or standard regimen for 14 days. The …

This study tests whether a wearable device and AI app can help obese adults lose more weight than standard diet and exercise alone. About 120 participants will follow a 6-month program with coaching and tracking. The goal is to see if technology boosts weight loss and improves he…

This study tests whether cilostazol, a drug already used for stroke prevention, can help the body clear blood clots from the brain after a hemorrhagic stroke. About 100 adults with a moderate brain bleed will receive either cilostazol plus standard care or standard care alone for…

This study tests whether a gentle electrical current applied to the brain (called rtACS) can wake up damaged eye cells and improve vision in people with glaucoma. 188 adults with moderate to advanced glaucoma will receive either real or sham stimulation for 10 days. The main goal…

This study tests a new approach for people with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Participants first receive a combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, then chemoradiation, followed by surgery. The goal is to see if this sequence can shrink tumors more effectively and imp…

This study tests whether a lifestyle program delivered through a mobile app, combined with a continuous glucose monitor (Abbott FreeStyle Libre 2), can improve blood sugar control and reduce cardiometabolic risk in 120 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Participa…

This study tests whether taking activated bamboo charcoal and probiotics can reduce inflammation and slow kidney disease in people with diabetes. About 300 participants with different stages of chronic kidney disease will receive one or both treatments for 6 months. Researchers w…

This study tests whether SGLT2 inhibitors, drugs already used for diabetes and chronic kidney disease, can help people with acute kidney disease (AKD). AKD occurs between 7 and 90 days after a kidney injury and can lead to chronic kidney disease. The trial will give either the dr…

This study is testing a fracture liaison service (FLS) combined with medication management for people with osteoporosis in a rural area. The program provides education, monitoring, and follow-up to help patients take their medications as prescribed. Researchers will enroll 200 ad…

This study compares proton therapy to standard photon radiation for cervical cancer patients who need extended-field radiation. The goal is to see if proton therapy causes less severe lymphopenia (low white blood cell count) and fewer side effects. About 44 participants with adva…

This study tests whether taking glutamine by mouth can help gastric cancer patients regain muscle and improve nutrition after having their stomach removed. About 120 adults who had stomach cancer surgery will take glutamine supplements and be monitored for changes in muscle size,…

This study tests if valacyclovir works as well as valganciclovir to prevent CMV and EBV infections in kidney transplant patients. Valganciclovir can cause bone marrow suppression, a serious side effect. The study will enroll 80 kidney transplant recipients and monitor them for ne…

This study tests whether a gradual reduction of denosumab (Prolia) combined with zoledronic acid (Aclasta) can prevent bone loss after long-term osteoporosis treatment. 44 postmenopausal women and men over 50 who have taken denosumab for at least 3 years will be randomly assigned…

This study tests whether combining two osteoporosis drugs (romosozumab and denosumab) works better than either drug alone for postmenopausal women with weak bones. About 90 women will receive one of three treatments for 6 months. The goal is to see which approach improves bone de…

This Phase 3 trial tests whether hydroxychloroquine, a drug used for malaria and autoimmune diseases, can improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a type of fatty liver with inflammation. 210 adults with confirmed fatty liver and elevated liver enzymes will take either 200 mg…

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding a temporary oil-based embolization (lipiodol) to standard chemotherapy infusion through the liver artery can shrink tumors better while keeping the liver healthy. The study enrolls 24 adults with advanced liver cancer that cannot be surgica…

This study looks at whether using a 10% benzoyl peroxide acne cleanser on the shoulder before surgery can reduce harmful bacteria. About 150 people scheduled for rotator cuff repair will either use the acne wash or their usual soap. Researchers will then check skin and suture sam…

This study tests whether adding doxycycline to the standard penicillin shot works better for treating early syphilis in people with HIV. About 688 adults will be randomly assigned to get either penicillin alone or penicillin plus a week of doxycycline pills. The main goal is to s…

This study tests whether giving a combination of three drugs (epinephrine, vasopressin, and a steroid) during emergency treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest can restart the heart and improve survival compared to the standard drug epinephrine alone. About 1,344 adults in T…

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding high-dose-rate brachytherapy (internal radiation) to the immune therapy drug nivolumab can improve outcomes for people with advanced esophageal cancer that has not been fully controlled by standard chemoradiation. About 60 participants will…

This study tests whether artificial intelligence (AI) can help doctors better detect H. pylori infection and precancerous stomach changes during routine endoscopy. The goal is to see if AI assistance can reduce deaths from stomach cancer. The trial will enroll 6,000 adults aged 2…

This study tests whether an AI tool (VeriSee) can help doctors detect two common causes of vision loss—diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration—earlier than standard exams. About 4,300 adults with diabetes or aged 50+ will be randomly assigned to AI-assisted scre…

This study tests a new, noninvasive eye-tracking system that uses artificial intelligence to check vision in children, including babies and those with special needs who cannot do standard eye tests. Researchers will enroll 1,300 participants to see if the system can accurately de…

This study tests whether shear wave elastography, a special ultrasound that measures tissue stiffness, can help doctors quickly tell the difference between acute and chronic kidney disease. Researchers will scan 800 adults in the emergency room and compare the results with standa…

This study is testing a new blood test called Nu.Q to see if it can accurately tell the difference between harmless and cancerous lung nodules. Researchers will collect blood from 500 people who have lung nodules found on CT scans and compare the test results with the final diagn…

This study tests whether a laryngeal ultrasound can evaluate vocal cord movement in people who recently had a stroke. Researchers will follow 200 participants for one year to see who develops choking or aspiration pneumonia. The goal is to find a non-invasive way to identify high…

This study is testing whether an artificial intelligence (AI) system can accurately interpret ultrasound images of the heart and kidneys. Researchers will enroll 300 patients receiving these scans and compare the AI's readings to standard interpretations. The goal is to improve h…

This program offers a simple breath test to 50,000 Aboriginal people in remote Taiwan to detect H. pylori, a bacteria linked to stomach cancer. Those who test positive receive treatment to wipe out the infection. The goal is to see if this approach lowers cancer rates in a high-r…

This study tests a balance training system that uses wearable sensors and artificial intelligence to create personalized exercise programs for older adults. The goal is to improve stability and reduce fall risk. Researchers will enroll 120 community-dwelling adults aged 18 to 80 …

This study tests a sleep improvement program for children with epilepsy, combining clinic visits and a smartphone app. It includes 150 children ages 1.5 to 9 and their parents. The goal is to improve sleep quality and overall health for both children and parents.

This study tests a new robot system (HIWIN MRG-P110) designed to help chronic stroke survivors improve their walking. The robot uses foot pedals to guide leg movements and can adjust how much it helps versus how much the patient must do on their own. Researchers will enroll 60 pe…

This study tests whether a home-based arm exercise program, called GRASP, can help stroke survivors improve movement and use of their affected arm. Participants will do exercises at home for one hour daily and attend group sessions three times a week. The goal is to see if this p…

This study tests whether early training that combines thinking tasks with physical movement can help people recover cognitive and motor skills after a brain aneurysm bleed. The training is done 4-5 times a week for 30 minutes while in the hospital. Researchers will measure memory…

This study tests if applying a topical gel (indomethacin) to the hands before starting sorafenib can prevent or reduce hand-foot skin reactions, a common and painful side effect. About 39 adults with advanced liver cancer will use the gel twice daily for up to 12 weeks. The goal …

This study looks at whether Systane COMPLETE artificial tears can improve dry eye symptoms and help doctors better predict cataract surgery outcomes. About 140 cataract patients with dry eye will use the drops before and after surgery. Researchers will measure changes in eye shap…

This study looks at whether taking an oral anti-anxiety medication (Alprazolam) before cataract surgery can reduce pain and anxiety and improve satisfaction. Researchers will follow 250 adults having surgery on their second eye. The goal is to find a safe, convenient way to make …

This study looks at whether taking Xanax (a mild anti-anxiety medication) 30 minutes before cataract surgery can reduce pain and anxiety and improve satisfaction with the anesthesia. Researchers will compare Xanax to a placebo in 400 adults having cataract surgery at National Tai…

This study tests whether using Systane COMPLETE eye drops before cataract surgery can improve dry eye symptoms and help with surgical planning. About 150 adults aged 20-85 with dry eye who need cataract surgery will use the drops regularly before their operation. Researchers will…

This study tests whether low-intensity focused ultrasound, a non-invasive technique, can help stroke patients regain arm and hand movement. Fifty adults who had a stroke within the past three months and have some arm weakness will receive either real or sham ultrasound daily for …

This study tests whether an AI-powered mobile app can help oral cancer patients recover jaw, shoulder, and overall physical function better than standard care. One hundred patients scheduled for surgery, chemo, or radiation will be split into two groups: one using the AI app for …

This study tests a new, gentle treatment called cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) for wounds where tubes enter the body in patients on life support. These wounds often get infected and heal slowly. The study will compare standard wound care alone to standard care plus CAP to see if C…

This study tests whether a non-invasive brain stimulation technique called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can reduce physical distress and health anxiety in people with somatic symptom disorder. Thirty adults aged 20–70 will receive either real or sham rTMS i…

This study tests a new swallowing exercise called direct chin-tuck against resistance (dCTAR) in people with swallowing problems after a stroke. Researchers will use ultrasound to see if the exercise strengthens throat muscles and improves how the voice box moves during swallowin…

This study tests whether oxybutynin, a medication used for overactive bladder, can help men recover urinary control sooner after robotic prostate removal for prostate cancer. About 135 participants will take either the drug or a placebo daily for up to 3 months. Researchers will …

This study tests whether a training program that combines touch (somatosensory) and movement (motor) exercises can improve arm function better than either type of training alone. Researchers will enroll 153 people who have had a stroke at least 6 months ago and have some arm weak…

This study tests a new virtual reality job training program for people with schizophrenia who want to work. About 40 adults aged 20 to 55 will practice job interviews and other skills in a safe VR environment. The goal is to see if this training helps improve symptoms and makes i…

This study compares two ways of using a robotic device to help people with chronic stroke regain arm function. About 72 participants will receive 18 sessions of robotic training over 6 weeks, either starting with the forearm or the wrist. Researchers will measure arm movement, st…

This study looks at whether starting with mirror therapy and then using augmented reality can help people who have had a stroke regain arm movement and balance. The study will include 75 adults who had a first stroke at least 3 months ago. The goal is to see if this combination a…

This study tests whether a short program of aerobic exercise, combined with parent-led sleep training, can improve sleep and behavior in children with autism who have sleep problems. About 120 children aged 3-11 will take part. The exercise sessions are twice a week for 30 minute…

This study is developing and testing a friendly AI robot called E-MOTE to provide emotional support to women who have just had surgery for gynecologic cancer. The robot will assess their distress and offer personalized psychological help. Researchers will measure whether the robo…

This study tests whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can reduce depression in people with schizophrenia. About 180 adults will receive rTMS to the left prefrontal cortex. Researchers will measure changes in mood, thinking, and other symptoms over time.

This study tests two methods for widening a blocked bile duct during a special endoscopy procedure. One method uses a mechanical dilator, the other uses an electrocautery device. The goal is to see which causes less bleeding. The trial will involve 64 patients who cannot have sta…

This study compares two ways of managing the nasogastric tube (a tube through the nose into the stomach) after pancreatic surgery. One group will have the tube removed right after surgery, while the other group will not have it placed at all. The goal is to see if skipping the tu…

This study is testing new 3D-printed smart insoles for people with foot pain from flat feet. Thirty participants will get custom insoles made from a 3D scan of their feet. The goal is to see if these insoles reduce pain, improve walking, and make daily activities easier.

This study tests a new therapy that combines cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with biofeedback to help people with somatic symptom disorder—a condition where physical distress has no clear medical cause. Sixty adults will receive eight sessions over three months or be placed on…

This study follows oral cancer patients who completed a previous rehabilitation trial to see if AI-based physiotherapy offers lasting benefits over standard therapy. Researchers will check jaw movement, shoulder function, overall physical health, quality of life, and ability to r…

This study tests a 14-day program called mHELP@ICU for adults on breathing machines in the ICU. The program includes mental exercises, gentle physical activity, and monitoring of nutrition. Researchers want to see if it lowers the chance of delirium (sudden confusion) and helps p…

This study looks at whether adding core muscle exercises (like Pilates) to standard cardiac rehab helps heart attack or heart failure patients recover better. Sixty adults will be split into three groups: core training only, aerobic exercise only, or both combined. The goal is to…

This study tests whether a temporary spinal cord stimulator can help people with advanced Parkinson's disease who experience freezing of gait—a sudden inability to move their feet—that doesn't respond to medication. Five participants will receive the device, which delivers mild e…

This study tests whether using four balloon inflation points instead of two during a tear duct procedure (dacryoplasty) better relieves constant tearing. Fifty adults with blocked tear ducts will be randomly assigned to one method. Success is measured by how often patients need t…

This study tests whether a 12-week smartphone-assisted cardiac rehabilitation program, guided by a case manager, can improve exercise ability and daily life in 150 adults with stable heart failure. Participants will be randomly assigned to the smartphone program or usual care. Th…

This study tests whether a technique called cold snare polypectomy can safely remove 10-20 mm colon polyps without using heat. About 120 adults will have their polyps removed this way during a colonoscopy. The goal is to see if it works well and causes fewer complications than tr…

This early study tests whether gentle ultrasound waves aimed at a deep brain area can safely reduce hand tremors. It will include 12 people with Parkinson's, essential tremor, or dystonic tremor who haven't gotten enough relief from medication. The main goal is to check safety, b…

This study compares two breathing support methods for people with chest trauma who have low oxygen levels. One group gets a high flow nasal cannula, the other a standard oxygen mask. The goal is to see if the nasal cannula reduces the need for a breathing tube or pneumonia. About…

This study tests whether a robotic pet (PARO) can reduce anxiety and improve success rates of spontaneous breathing trials in ICU patients on ventilators. Twenty-four adults who have already failed one breathing trial will interact with the robot for 30-120 minutes during their n…

This study looks at how wearing a shoulder sling changes the way people move and keep their balance during everyday activities like walking or climbing stairs. Researchers will track 30 people—some with shoulder injuries and some healthy—using motion-capture cameras. The goal is …

This study looks at whether a substance in the blood called soluble PD-1 can help predict if a certain type of lung disease caused by NTM bacteria will get worse. Researchers will follow 500 adults from different countries to see if higher levels of this marker are linked to more…

This study looks at people with multidirectional shoulder instability (loose shoulder joints) often linked to hypermobility disorders. Researchers want to see if electrical stimulation and specific exercises can improve shoulder control and reduce joint slipping. 60 participants …

This study looks at how stiff the jaw muscles are in people who have had treatment for oral cancer. Using a special ultrasound, researchers will measure muscle hardness and see if it relates to how wide a person can open their mouth. They will also test if exercise can improve mo…

This study tests a new way to predict how well your lungs will work after lung cancer surgery. Doctors will use 3D CT scans to create a virtual model of your lungs and simulate the surgery beforehand. The goal is to see if this method is more accurate than current techniques, hel…

This study aims to develop and test a simple scale that caregivers can use to detect common eye disorders in adults with intellectual disability. Researchers will collect data from 1,400 participants, including socioeconomic information, daily living skills, and eye exam results.…

This study checks if an AI-based system can accurately measure how well people can move their jaw and neck-shoulder area, which is important for oral cancer patients. Twenty healthy adults will perform movement tasks while the AI and two human raters take measurements. The goal i…

This observational study will follow 2000 adults with type 2 diabetes to see how their eating habits, body composition, and grip strength change over time. Researchers hope to identify patterns that could help improve care. Participants must be 18 or older and able to complete ba…

This study follows 600 pregnant women with gestational diabetes to see how depression and diabetes affect each other during pregnancy and after birth. Some participants will receive short health education videos about diet, exercise, and support. The goal is to understand the con…

This study uses ultrasound to track how soft tissues like ligaments, tendons, and muscles stretch and move in different groups: baseball pitchers, people with ankle tendon problems, and patients recovering from ACL knee surgery. Researchers want to see if these measurements can h…

This study is observing ICU heart patients who have a femoral artery sheath removed after procedures like cardiac catheterization. Researchers want to find out what factors affect how long it takes for bleeding to stop and how long patients must lie flat. The goal is to create a …

This study tests a small change to the standard Pap test: leaving the speculum in place for 15 extra seconds after the smear is done. The idea is that ending with a non-painful step may reduce how much pain women remember, making them more likely to come back for future screening…

This study aims to identify sensory patterns in autistic individuals from childhood to adulthood. Researchers will use questionnaires and brain imaging (fMRI and EEG) to explore how sensory experiences relate to social challenges like avoiding eye contact or touch. The goal is to…

This observational study is testing a new blood test that uses a microfluidic chip to detect cancer cells and immune cells in 30 patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. The goal is to see if these blood markers can predict how long patients live without their …

This study looks at rules doctors use to decide when to stop trying to revive someone after a cardiac arrest outside the hospital. These rules were made in Western countries, and this study checks if they work for people in Asia. Researchers will study 140,000 patients to see if …

This study tests whether an AI system can accurately measure jaw, neck, and shoulder movement in 40 adults—both healthy volunteers and oral cancer patients with stiffness or limited motion after treatment. Researchers will compare AI estimates to standard measurements to see if t…

This study looks back at 3,500 people who had pancreas surgery to understand how the operation affects their blood sugar control, digestion, and overall quality of life. Researchers will compare different surgical methods and how much of the pancreas was removed. The goal is to h…

This study looks at why some people develop delayed gastric emptying (stomach not emptying properly) after pancreatic surgery. Researchers will review medical records of 3500 patients who had pancreatic surgery to find risk factors, such as surgical method or feeding tube use. Th…

This study explores whether a training program that mixes cognitive tasks (like memory and attention exercises) with physical therapy can improve recovery in people with post-stroke cognitive impairment or Moyamoya disease. Researchers will also use brain imaging to see how think…

This study is observing 500 adults with type 2 diabetes to understand how their mental well-being, depression, and quality of life are connected. Participants will fill out questionnaires about their feelings and daily life. The goal is to find patterns that can help doctors offe…

This study is looking for substances in urine that could help predict how well prostate cancer treatments work. Researchers will collect urine samples from 360 men with prostate cancer who are receiving standard treatments like surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy…

This study compares two ways of training emergency teams to handle adult cardiac arrest: training in the actual emergency room (in-situ) versus training in a separate simulation center (off-site). About 100 healthcare professionals from two hospital campuses will participate. The…

This study is following 500 people with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) to see how their genes affect their brain scans, symptoms, and health over time. Participants get genetic testing and MRI scans at the start and again after 1-2 years. The goal is to better understand th…

This study aims to find new markers in urine that can tell the difference between aggressive prostate cancer and slow-growing types that don't need treatment. Researchers will analyze urine samples from 2000 men before and after they take a multi-carotenoid supplement for 8 weeks…

This study looks at how autism affects motor functions like strength, balance, and coordination in adults aged 18 to 45. Researchers will also test whether a 6-week virtual reality training program can help improve these skills. The goal is to better understand the link between m…

This study looks back at the medical records of 5,000 patients who had robotic-assisted surgery for urological problems. The goal is to understand how well these surgeries work in terms of cancer control and recovery of normal function. The study is currently recruiting participa…

This study looks at whether a specific gene, ALDH2, which helps break down alcohol, is linked to how long people with esophageal cancer live. Researchers will follow 700 patients for up to 12.5 years to see if gene variations affect survival. The goal is to better understand why …

This study tests whether a 12-week language training program can improve cognitive health in healthy adults aged 65 and older. Participants join small reading and writing workshops designed to train the brain to predict and understand language. Researchers will use brain scans, m…

This study follows 600 adults who have received a stem cell transplant to learn more about a lung condition called bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Researchers will track how common this lung problem is and how it develops over time. No new treatments are being tested; the goal…

This study will observe 5,000 adults in Taiwan who have a chronic total occlusion (CTO) — a complete, long-term blockage in a heart artery. Researchers will track how often procedures to open these blockages succeed and what complications occur. The goal is to learn which patient…

This study tests a program called I-CARE that combines remote support through a smartphone app (LINE Bot) with in-person visits to a recovery clinic. The goal is to help people who survived a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) recover more fully and avoid unplanned hospital vi…

This study will follow 2,000 adults with metabolic syndrome or prediabetes over time to understand how these conditions progress and lead to complications. Researchers will track health records, nutrition, and physical function to find key factors that affect long-term outcomes. …

This study tests whether a new type of health education—using animation videos and games—can improve how well patients prepare for a colonoscopy compared to standard education. The researchers will enroll 252 adults scheduled for a colonoscopy and measure bowel cleanliness, patie…

This study looks at how implant-supported fixed dentures help people who have lost their second molar chew better. Researchers at National Taiwan University Hospital will give 60 participants a piece of chewing gum to measure their chewing function with the implant in place. The …

This study looks at whether allowing people with Parkinson's disease to make choices during practice helps them learn new motor skills. Researchers will compare two groups: one that can choose when to receive feedback and one that cannot. The goal is to see if autonomy improves l…

This study looks at how care in the emergency room (ER) after a heart attack affects short-term survival. Researchers will review records from 6,000 adults who had a heart attack outside the hospital and were revived in the ER. The goal is to find which ER treatments and timing h…

This observational study follows 500 first-time mothers to understand how depression during pregnancy and after childbirth influences how they feed their babies. Participants fill out questionnaires four times from 24 weeks of pregnancy until 6 months after birth. The study track…

This study looks at whether a type of brain stimulation called rTMS, combined with letting people choose when to get feedback, can improve how healthy young adults learn a motor task. 72 participants will be split into groups receiving different types of stimulation or a fake ver…

This study is testing a new training program that teaches doctors how to use a special ultrasound (TEE) during cardiac arrest. The program includes a lecture and hands-on practice with a simulator. Researchers are also developing an AI tool to assess how well doctors perform. The…