AI reads knee ultrasounds to predict injection success

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Objective 1: Development of an AI-Based Normative Model for the Healthy Knee Inclusion Criteria: * Clinical diagnosis of healthy adult without major systemic disease * Age ≥18 years * Able to understand and follow study instructions * Ambulatory without walking aids * No pain in either knee for at least 6 months before enrollment Exclusion Criteria: * Previous knee surgery * Rupture of one or more cruciate ligaments * Knee injection within the preceding 6 months * Major trauma involving the knee or periarticular region * Rheumatic or autoimmune disease Objective 2: Development of an AI-Based Model for the Identification of Pathological Knee Structures Inclusion Criteria: * Clinical diagnosis of radiographic knee osteoarthritis * Age ≥18 years * Knee pain in at least one knee during the preceding year * Medical records confirming knee pain, soreness, or stiffness within 1 month before enrollment * Radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis, defined by at least one of the following: * Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2 on anteroposterior radiographs * Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2 on skyline (patellofemoral) radiographs * Superior or inferior patellar osteophytes or posterior tibial osteophytes on lateral radiographs Exclusion Criteria: * Systemic rheumatic disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis) * Malignancy * Previous major knee trauma (including fracture) * Previous knee surgery * Intra-articular corticosteroid injection within the preceding 3 months Objective 3: Development of an AI-Assisted Predictive Model for Injection Treatment Outcomes Inclusion Criteria: * Clinical diagnosis of radiographic knee osteoarthritis requiring ultrasound-guided injection therapy * Age ≥18 years * Knee pain in at least one knee during the preceding year * Medical records confirming knee pain, soreness, or stiffness within 1 month before enrollment * Radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis, defined by at least one of the following: * Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2 on anteroposterior radiographs * Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2 on skyline (patellofemoral) radiographs * Superior or inferior patellar osteophytes or posterior tibial osteophytes on lateral radiographs * Willingness to undergo ultrasound-guided injection therapy and complete scheduled follow-up assessments Exclusion Criteria: * Systemic rheumatic disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis) * Malignancy * Previous major knee trauma (including fracture) * Previous knee surgery * Intra-articular corticosteroid injection within the preceding 3 months