Rectum adenocarcinoma

This trial tests a new way to treat rectal cancer without surgery. People with localized rectal cancer who cannot have or refuse surgery will receive external beam radiation followed by a high-dose internal radiation boost, using a 3D-printed guide and tungsten shielding to prote…

This trial is testing whether adding two immunotherapy drugs—zimberelimab and etrumadenant—to standard chemotherapy and a short course of radiation can completely eliminate rectal cancer. Adults with locally advanced rectal cancer that has not spread will receive the treatment, a…

This study tests whether a higher dose of radiation (58.75 Gy) given before surgery can help more people with locally advanced rectal cancer achieve a complete response (no cancer left) compared to the standard dose (50 Gy). About 156 adults aged 18-79 will receive radiation plus…

Researchers are testing whether adding the immunotherapy drug tislelizumab to standard chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy can help people with ultra-low rectal cancer avoid surgery that removes the anus. The trial enrolls 196 adults with previously untreated rectal adenocarcinoma…

This phase 3 trial is testing whether adding the targeted drugs calderasib and cetuximab to standard chemotherapy can help people with a specific gene mutation (KRAS G12C) in advanced colorectal cancer live longer without their cancer growing. About 477 participants will receive …

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding an immunotherapy drug (iparomlimab and tuvonralimab) to standard chemoradiotherapy before surgery can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 108 participants will be randomly assigned to receive either the st…

This phase 2 trial is testing whether adding an immunotherapy drug (adebrelimab) to a chemotherapy combo (NALIRIFOX) and radiation can improve outcomes for people with a certain type of locally advanced rectal cancer (pMMR/MSS). About 84 participants will be randomly assigned to …

This study is testing whether the immunotherapy drug dostarlimab (TSR-042), followed by standard chemoradiation and surgery, can effectively treat advanced mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) solid tumors. About 212 adults with locally advanced dMMR cancers will receive the drug int…

Researchers are testing whether a combination of two drugs, atezolizumab and bevacizumab, can clear tiny amounts of cancer DNA from the blood of people whose gastrointestinal cancer was treated with curative intent. The trial enrolls 20 adults with colon, rectal, gastric, pancrea…

This study tests whether giving radiation before surgery lowers the chance of rectal cancer returning in the same area. Researchers will follow 100 people with locally advanced proximal rectal cancer who receive either radiation followed by surgery or surgery alone. The main goal…

This study is for people with rectal cancer that didn't fully go away after standard chemotherapy and radiation. Researchers want to see if giving a few extra doses of internal radiation (brachytherapy) can finish off the tumor and let patients keep their rectum instead of needin…

This study is for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. It tests whether using MRI scans early after chemotherapy can help doctors choose the best next step: surgery or more chemo with radiation. The goal is to improve cancer control and reduce side effects. About 1,075 par…

This trial tests whether giving chemotherapy after chemoradiation but before surgery improves outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. Participants are randomly assigned to either the standard approach (chemoradiation, then surgery, then chemotherapy) or the exper…

This trial tests whether a modified transanal drainage tube can prevent anastomotic leakage—a serious complication where the new connection in the bowel leaks—after surgery for rectal cancer. About 968 adults with rectal adenocarcinoma will receive either the modified tube or sta…

This phase 2 trial is testing whether an investigational drug called BMX-001 can reduce severe side effects from radiation therapy in people with newly diagnosed locally advanced rectal cancer. Participants will receive either short or long course radiation therapy, with or witho…

This phase III trial is testing whether adding two immunotherapy drugs (iparomlimab and tuvonralimab) to standard chemotherapy after short-course radiation can improve outcomes for people with a specific type of locally advanced rectal cancer (pMMR/MSS). Participants receive eith…

This trial is testing whether proton beam radiation, a more precise form of radiation, causes fewer stomach and bowel side effects than standard photon radiation when given before surgery for high-risk rectal cancer. About 254 patients will be randomly assigned to receive either …

This trial tests whether a combination of contact X-ray brachytherapy and short-course radiotherapy can preserve the rectum in people with early-stage rectal cancer. Participants receive this experimental radiation regimen, with some also getting chemotherapy. The goal is to see …

This phase 2 trial tests a new approach for patients with a specific type of mid-low rectal cancer (pMMR/MSS). Participants receive a short course of radiation followed by six cycles of the immunotherapy drug ivonescimab. The goal is to see if this combination can make the cancer…

This phase II trial is testing whether giving a combination of two immunotherapies (sintilimab and IBI-310) along with chemotherapy before surgery can improve outcomes for people with a specific type of locally advanced rectal cancer (MSI-H/dMMR). The main goal is to see how ofte…

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding a new form of chemotherapy (liposomal irinotecan) to standard radiotherapy, immunotherapy (tislelizumab), and another chemotherapy (capecitabine) can make advanced rectal cancers disappear before surgery. The study enrolls adults aged 18–75…

This early-stage trial tests whether adding the drug papaverine to standard radiation therapy can safely improve treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Papaverine may help by reducing oxygen starvation inside tumors, which often makes radiation less effective. The study en…

This phase 2 trial will test whether adding immunotherapy drugs (cemiplimab alone or with fianlimab or REGN7075) to standard chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) can completely eliminate tumors in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer before surgery. The study plans…

This study tests whether a special vacuum dressing (PICO 7®) placed on the surgical wound can reduce infections after rectal cancer surgery. About 100 adults who have had chemoradiotherapy followed by abdominoperineal resection will be enrolled. The device is designed to drain fl…

This study tests whether giving chemotherapy alone before limited surgery works as well as chemotherapy plus radiation for early rectal cancer. The goal is to see if avoiding radiation improves quality of life without harming cancer control. About 250 adults with early-stage rect…

This phase I trial tests a modified vaccinia virus (BT-001) injected directly into rectal tumors, followed by a single dose of the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab. The study enrolls about 20 adults with localized pMMR rectal cancer who are candidates for surgery. The main goal i…

This phase 1 trial tests a new drug called AWT020, given alone or with other cancer treatments, in people with advanced solid tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, and melanoma. The main goals are to check the drug's safety, find the best do…

This phase 2 trial is testing a two-month course of chemotherapy (mFOLFOX) followed by short-course radiation before surgery for people with resectable rectal cancer. The goal is to see if this approach improves the chance of being cancer-free three years later. About 54 particip…

This Phase 3 trial tests whether adding immunotherapy and a targeted drug to short-course radiotherapy and chemotherapy improves outcomes for people with high-risk rectal cancer. About 204 participants will receive either the standard treatment or the intensified combo. The study…

This study tests whether giving two immunotherapy drugs (botensilimab and balstilimab) before surgery can shrink tumors and improve outcomes for people with advanced colon cancer that can be removed. About 100 adults with stage IIB to IIIC colorectal cancer will receive the drugs…

This phase II trial tests whether giving a combination of chemotherapy (FOLFOX) and two immunotherapy drugs (botensilimab and balstilimab) before surgery can eliminate rectal cancer without the need for surgery or radiation. The study includes adults with stage II or III rectal c…

This phase 2 trial compares two treatment plans for people with locally advanced rectal cancer that is mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) or microsatellite stable (MSS). One group receives standard short-course radiation followed by chemotherapy. The other group receives a newer a…

This study compares a new treatment approach for high-risk rectal cancer: short-course radiation followed by immunotherapy (toripalimab) and chemotherapy (FOLFOX) versus the standard long-course chemoradiation. The goal is to see if the new approach leads to more complete tumor r…

This study tests whether two immunotherapy drugs, botensilimab and balstilimab, can shrink or eliminate rectal tumors in people with a specific type of rectal cancer (MMRp/MSS) that usually doesn't respond to immunotherapy alone. About 40 adults with stage II or III rectal cancer…

This study looks at whether giving FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy before surgery helps people with mid or lower rectal cancer that has spread to the liver. The goal is to see if both the rectal tumor and liver spots can be completely removed. About 550 adults will take part, and the mai…

This study tests whether giving a higher radiation dose to the tumor can help people with early-stage rectal cancer keep their rectum instead of needing surgery. About 25 adults will receive targeted radiation using a special adaptive technique. The goal is to see if this approac…

This study tests whether adding a citrus flavonoid tablet (Aimailang) to standard chemotherapy (mFOLFOX) before surgery can shrink tumors more effectively in people with locally advanced rectal cancer that has a specific marker (YWHAB). About 236 participants will be randomly ass…

This study tests whether giving additional chemotherapy to people with stage III colorectal cancer who still have cancer DNA in their blood after standard treatment can prevent the cancer from coming back. About 1,660 participants will be randomly assigned to receive either FOLFI…

This early-phase trial is testing whether people with stage II-III rectal cancer can safely avoid surgery by first receiving chemotherapy and then being closely monitored. The goal is to see if the rectum can be preserved without harming survival. Around 120 participants will be …

This Phase II trial tests whether adding a dual immunotherapy drug (iparomlimab/tuvonralimab) to standard chemoradiotherapy can improve outcomes for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer that has a specific genetic profile (pMMR/MSS), which usually does not respond to immu…

This phase 3 trial tests whether adding an immunotherapy drug (HLX10) to standard chemotherapy and radiation before surgery improves outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. It compares short-course versus long-course radiation, both followed by immunotherapy and …

This study tests whether low-risk rectal cancer patients can safely undergo surgery without a temporary stoma (a bag attached to the belly to collect waste). The trial will compare leak rates in 442 patients who either get a stoma or not. If skipping the stoma is shown to be safe…

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding two targeted drugs (tucatinib and trastuzumab) to standard chemotherapy can shrink HER2-positive rectal tumors before surgery. About 37 adults with locally advanced rectal cancer will receive the drug combo for 6 weeks, then continue it wit…

This study tests whether a combination of chemotherapy and radiation (total neoadjuvant therapy, or TNT) can shrink rectal tumors enough so that some patients can avoid surgery and instead be monitored closely. About 400 adults with early-stage rectal cancer will be randomly assi…

This study tests a new approach for people with a common type of locally advanced rectal cancer. It combines low-dose radiation with an immunotherapy drug (pucotenlimab) and chemotherapy before surgery. The goal is to see if this combination can make the tumor disappear completel…

This study tests a treatment plan for people with low rectal cancer that can be removed with surgery. Participants receive chemotherapy and an immunotherapy drug called tislelizumab before surgery. The goal is to see if this combination can make the cancer disappear completely, a…

This phase 3 trial is testing whether adding the immunotherapy drug pucotenlimab to standard chemotherapy (CAPOX) before surgery can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 556 participants will be randomly assigned to receive either CAPOX plus puco…

This study tests whether patients with a specific type of rectal cancer (dMMR/MSI-H) can safely avoid surgery after immunotherapy. After six rounds of a PD-1 inhibitor, those whose tumors completely disappear will be monitored closely instead of undergoing standard treatments. Th…

This phase 3 trial compares two different oral chemotherapy drugs given alongside radiation before surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer. The standard drug, capecitabine, is being tested against a newer drug called TAS-102. The goal is to see if TAS-102 leads to more tumors …

This phase 2 trial is testing a new approach for people with a certain type of locally advanced rectal cancer. The treatment combines short-course radiation (sparing lymph nodes), two chemotherapy drugs (capecitabine and oxaliplatin), and an immunotherapy drug (sintilimab). The g…

This phase II trial is testing whether a high-precision radiation technique called stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) can help control locally recurrent rectal cancer that cannot be surgically removed. The study will enroll 40 adults aged 18-75 with unresectable tumors an…

This phase 2 trial is testing whether adding a dietary supplement called β-hydroxybutyrate to a standard treatment plan (short-course radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy) can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. The study will enroll 25 adult…

This phase 2 trial is testing whether adding the antibiotic metronidazole to standard therapy can reduce harmful bacteria (F. nucleatum) in rectal cancer patients. About 60 adults with locally advanced rectal cancer will receive either standard treatment plus metronidazole or sta…

This study tests whether adding the immunotherapy drug camrelizumab to standard chemoradiotherapy can make rectal tumors disappear completely in people with a common type of locally advanced rectal cancer. About 44 adults aged 18-75 with tumors within 10 cm of the anus will recei…

This phase 2 study tests a total neoadjuvant therapy approach for stage II or III rectal cancer. Participants receive short-course radiotherapy followed by 9 cycles of mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy before any surgery. The goal is to see how many patients achieve a complete response, mean…

This early-phase trial tests whether a short course of radiation followed by chemotherapy can shrink advanced rectal tumors enough to avoid surgery. About 25 people with stage II or III rectal cancer will receive the treatment. The goal is to preserve the rectum and improve quali…

This phase 2 trial is testing a new approach for people with a specific type of rectal cancer that has spread to a few other spots in the body (oligometastases). The treatment combines short-course radiotherapy, chemotherapy (CAPEOX), and an immunotherapy drug called serplulimab …

This study tests whether adding the drug SHR-1701 to standard chemoradiotherapy can completely eliminate tumors in people with advanced rectal cancer before they have surgery. About 48 adults aged 18-75 with a specific type of rectal cancer will receive the treatment over several…

This early-phase trial tests whether MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy, combined with the chemotherapy drug capecitabine, can safely treat rectal cancer while preserving the rectum. About 22 adults with stage I-III rectal cancer will receive escalating doses of radiation guid…

This study tests a new treatment plan for people with high-risk rectal cancer that hasn't spread. Patients get a short course of radiation, then a mix of chemotherapy and immunotherapy before considering surgery. If the cancer disappears completely, patients may choose a 'watch a…

This phase 2 trial is testing whether adding a probiotic called Probio-M9 to standard chemoradiation and an immunotherapy drug (tislelizumab) can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 50 participants will be randomly assigned to receive either the…

This phase 2 trial tests whether giving a combination of chemotherapy (oxaliplatin and capecitabine) and the immunotherapy drug tislelizumab before surgery can shrink or eliminate tumors in people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 35 participants will receive three cycle…

This study tests a personalized, stage-based approach to treat rectal cancer while trying to avoid removing the rectum. 200 participants will receive either experimental chemoradiotherapy or minimally invasive surgery depending on their cancer stage. The goal is to preserve the r…

This study tests a combination of three drugs (trastuzumab-deruxtecan, capecitabine, and bevacizumab) as a first treatment for people with HER-2 positive colorectal cancer that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. The goal is to see how well the drugs shrink tumors. About …

This study compares giving chemotherapy before surgery versus after surgery for people with locally advanced rectal cancer who have a low risk of the cancer coming back in the same area. The goal is to see which timing helps patients live longer without the cancer returning. Abou…

This study tests a new treatment called CHM-2101 for people with advanced gastrointestinal cancers (stomach, colon, rectal, or neuroendocrine tumors) that have stopped responding to standard therapies. The treatment uses the patient's own immune cells, which are modified in a lab…

This phase 3 trial tests whether adding modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) to standard treatment helps shrink locally advanced rectal cancer. About 126 adults will receive either standard therapy alone or with mEHT twice a week for six weeks. The goal is to see if the heat-bas…

This study is testing whether adding leucine, a common amino acid found in food, to standard chemoradiotherapy can help shrink tumors more effectively in people with locally advanced rectal cancer. The researchers believe leucine may interfere with cancer cells' ability to repair…

This phase 2 trial is testing a new approach for patients with a specific type of locally advanced rectal cancer (MSS-type). Participants will receive a short course of radiation, followed by chemotherapy combined with two additional drugs: serplulimab (an immunotherapy) and beva…

This trial is testing whether a quick lab test during surgery can help some people with low rectal cancer avoid a major operation. After radiation therapy, patients with a good response undergo a small local excision. If the frozen section shows no deep cancer, they skip the larg…

This clinical trial is testing whether adding the immunotherapy drug tislelizumab to standard chemoradiation helps people with locally advanced rectal cancer. The study involves 375 participants who will receive either the combination or standard treatment alone. The main goal is…

This phase 3 trial compares standard versus higher-dose radiotherapy, combined with chemotherapy, in 162 people with early low or mid rectal cancer. The goal is to see if a higher dose helps more patients achieve a complete response and avoid surgery, preserving their rectum. Par…

This phase 2 trial tests a new treatment for early-stage rectal cancer that has not spread to lymph nodes. Instead of radiating the whole pelvis, doctors give a short course of radiation only to the tumor, followed by chemotherapy and an immunotherapy drug. The goal is to shrink …

This early-phase study tests whether giving extra, MRI-guided radiation after standard treatment is safe and effective for people with rectal cancer. About 37 participants will first receive standard chemoradiation, then get additional radiation that adjusts every two weeks based…

This phase 3 trial tests whether adding contact X-ray brachytherapy (a precise, high-dose radiation) to standard chemotherapy and radiation can help people with intermediate-stage rectal cancer keep their rectum instead of needing surgery to remove it. The study will enroll 212 a…

This study is testing whether people with early- or intermediate-stage low rectal cancer can safely avoid major surgery if their tumor responds well to chemotherapy and radiation. Instead of removing the rectum, doctors will closely monitor patients using a "watch-and-wait" appro…

This study is for people with locally advanced rectal cancer that hasn't spread. It tests whether adding an immunotherapy drug (PD-1 inhibitor) to a standard treatment plan (short-course radiation plus chemotherapy and targeted therapy) can lead to a complete disappearance of the…

This phase II trial tests whether adding immunotherapy and a COX-2 inhibitor to standard chemoradiotherapy can improve complete remission rates in people with locally advanced rectal cancer that is microsatellite stable (MSS). About 138 participants will receive either long-cours…

This study tests whether adding the immunotherapy drug pucotenlimab to standard chemoradiation can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 68 participants will receive the combination, and doctors will check if the tumor disappears completely. If it…

This study is testing whether people with rectal cancer who have a complete response to initial therapy can safely avoid surgery and instead be closely monitored. Researchers will track 200 participants to see how often the cancer stays away or comes back. The goal is to preserve…

This study is testing whether giving two drugs (encorafenib and cetuximab) before surgery can shrink tumors in people with a specific genetic mutation (BRAF V600E) in colon or upper rectal cancer. About 30 participants will receive the drugs for 6 weeks before their planned surge…

The ORACLE study watches people who have finished treatment for early-stage solid tumors, such as lung, breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers. Researchers want to see if a blood test called Guardant Reveal can find tiny traces of tumor DNA that might signal the cancer is coming b…

This study tests whether a stool DNA test (mt-sDNA) can accurately detect polyps or cancer in people who have already been treated for stage I-III colorectal cancer. Researchers will compare the stool test results to colonoscopy findings in 50 survivors. The goal is to see if the…

This study looks at whether people who have had 1 or 2 small, non-cancerous polyps removed can safely wait 10 years for their next colonoscopy instead of the usual 5 years. About 9,500 adults aged 45-69 will be randomly assigned to one of two schedules: a colonoscopy at 5 and 10 …

This study is testing whether rinsing the rectal cavity with a saltwater or iodine solution during laparoscopic surgery can prevent local recurrence of mid-to-low rectal cancer. About 1,600 patients will be randomly assigned to receive the wash or not, and they will be followed f…

This study looks at whether people with rectal cancer can stick to a ketogenic diet (very low carbs, high fat) during chemoradiation. About 194 participants will be randomly assigned to either the ketogenic diet or a standard Mediterranean diet for 5 weeks. The main goal is to se…

This study looks at whether a simple blood test can help doctors decide if rectal cancer patients can avoid surgery and keep their rectum. Researchers will measure tiny bits of tumor DNA in the blood (ctDNA) before, during, and after standard treatment. The goal is to see if chan…

This study looks at whether preserving the left colic artery during colon or rectal cancer surgery helps keep the remaining colon well-supplied with blood. Surgeons will temporarily clamp the main artery and use a green dye to measure blood flow. The goal is to see if this techni…

This study looks at whether having a healthcare provider directly contact close relatives of people with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer leads to more genetic testing than having the patient share the information themselves. About 4,186 patients and their relatives will take pa…

This study follows 430 people with stage I-IV rectal cancer to measure their quality of life after surgery. Participants fill out questionnaires about their well-being and daily function. The goal is to learn how surgery impacts patients over time, not to test a new treatment.

This study aims to find biomarkers in tumor tissue that can predict whether a patient with locally advanced rectal cancer will resist neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. About half of patients do not respond well to this treatment, and identifying these patients beforehand could help …

This trial tests whether a new type of MRI, called hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI, can better predict how rectal cancer responds to chemoradiotherapy. By tracking how cancer cells use energy, along with blood and tissue analysis, researchers hope to identify complete tumor response…

This study is testing whether special PET-MRI scans can predict how well rectal cancer responds to chemotherapy and radiation before surgery. Researchers will scan 50 patients multiple times during treatment to see if early changes in the tumor can forecast the final outcome. The…

This study is looking at how short-course radiation therapy (5 days of treatment) affects the immune system in people with rectal cancer. Researchers will collect blood, stool, and tumor tissue samples before, during, and after radiation to study these changes. The goal is to bet…

This study aims to learn more about how the body responds to standard treatments for rectal cancer, including chemoradiation and chemotherapy. Researchers will analyze participants' blood, tissue, and scans to see if these tests can predict whether the cancer improves, worsens, o…

This study is building a smart model that uses scans, gut bacteria, and blood tests to see if rectal cancer patients can safely avoid surgery after initial treatment. Researchers will follow 869 patients to find out who can use a 'watch-and-wait' approach instead of an operation.…

This study looks at tiny particles called exosomes in the blood of 30 adults with rectal cancer who are getting chemotherapy and radiation before surgery. The goal is to see if changes in these particles can predict how well the tumor responds to treatment. This is an observation…

This study looks at how Y90 radioembolization, a radiation treatment for liver tumors that have spread from colorectal cancer, actually works inside the body. Researchers will collect small tissue samples (biopsies) from the liver after treatment to see how much tumor damage occu…

This study looks at whether a special type of MRI, called amide proton transfer-weighted imaging, can accurately predict if rectal cancer has completely disappeared after chemotherapy and radiation. Researchers will compare the MRI results with the actual tissue removed during su…

This study follows 100 adults with rectal cancer for 2 years after surgery to see how bowel function changes over time. Researchers will compare different treatment plans to find out which ones lead to better bowel control and quality of life. The goal is to help doctors and pati…

This observational study is developing a model that combines MRI scans, blood tests, and tissue samples to predict whether rectal cancer patients achieve a complete response after neoadjuvant therapy. Researchers will enroll 106 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and co…

This clinical trial is looking at how chemoradiation given before surgery affects circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with stage II-III rectal cancer. CTCs are cancer cells that travel in the blood and may indicate how likely the cancer is to spread. The study will compare…