LOW BACK PAIN

This completed trial tested a mobile app called iGAME that gives tips to reduce sitting and encourage healthy habits. Researchers enrolled 48 adults with low back pain, cancer, or depression who were sedentary. The goal was to see if the app could increase physical activity and i…

This study compared reformer Pilates exercises with conventional physiotherapy (like heat, TENS, and exercises) in 42 adults with chronic low back pain lasting at least 12 weeks. The goal was to see which approach better reduces pain, improves daily function, and boosts quality o…

This study tested whether a 12-week lifestyle-based physical activity program before intensive rehabilitation helps people with chronic low back pain. Twenty-four adults were split into two groups: one did the preparatory program followed by intensive rehab, the other did only th…

This study looked at whether adding supervised Pilates exercises and structured prenatal education to standard care could reduce depressive symptoms, low back pain, and labor pain in first-time mothers. 85 pregnant women participated, with some attending the program and others re…

This study tested two different exercise approaches in 34 people aged 11–24 with idiopathic scoliosis and chronic low back pain. Researchers measured changes in back muscle tissue thickness, pain levels, and daily function. The goal was to see which exercise method works better f…

This study tested two common pain relievers for sudden low back pain: a topical gel (diclofenac) and oral pills (ibuprofen). 198 adults from the emergency department were randomly assigned to receive one or both treatments. Researchers measured how much pain affected daily activi…

This small pilot study tested whether using a special ear electrode for 30 minutes each day could help people with long-lasting low back pain. The device gently stimulates the vagus nerve, which is known to affect pain and mood. Thirty adults with chronic low back pain that hadn'…

This study looked at whether a type of exercise called dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) can help people who had surgery for a herniated disc in their lower back. Fifty adults aged 35-50 who had the surgery did DNS exercises for 8 weeks. The goal was to see if the exercis…

This study tested whether osteopathic manipulation—a hands-on, drug-free therapy—can reduce low back pain caused by scar tissue after a cesarean section. Thirty women who had a C-section at least six months prior and had low back pain were split into two groups: one received oste…

This study looked at whether adding the Mezieres method—a gentle stretching technique—to standard core exercises helps athletes with long-term low back pain. 36 athletes aged 18-35 took part. Researchers measured muscle balance, posture, and body awareness before and after treatm…

This study tested a device called SPRINT that delivers mild electrical pulses to nerves in the lower back. Researchers compared it to standard treatments like injections or surgery in 230 people with chronic low back pain. The goal was to see if the device could reduce pain and i…

This study tested whether strengthening the gluteus maximus (butt) muscles can reduce chronic low back pain and improve movement in people who work desk jobs. Forty participants did either standard care (electrotherapy, posture education, and gentle stretches) or added gluteus st…

This small pilot study tested a 12-week machine-based Pilates program in 16 active adults aged 55-75 with chronic low back pain. Participants did two 50-minute sessions per week using special equipment like the Reformer. The goal was to see if the program could improve quality of…

This study tested whether adding exercise to mud pack therapy helps people with chronic low back pain. Forty adults were split into two groups: one got mud packs alone, the other got mud packs plus core exercises. After 10 sessions, both groups felt better, but the exercise group…

This study tested a device called Reactiv8, implanted near the spine to stimulate back muscles in 20 adults with long-term low back pain. The goal was to see if it could reduce pain, improve daily function, and change how the brain and muscles respond. Researchers measured pain l…

This study looked at whether a structured swimming program can help people recover better after spinal fusion surgery. 124 adults who had the surgery were split into two groups: one did swimming exercises three times a week for 12 weeks, and the other did standard rehab. The rese…

This study compared two non-drug treatments—Cognitive Functional Therapy and Kinetic Control Training—in 70 adults aged 19 to 39 with chronic low back pain. Participants attended sessions three times a week for eight weeks. Researchers measured pain, disability, and movement cont…

This study tested two different ultrasound-guided nerve blocks to see which one helps people recover better right after lower back surgery. 64 adults having planned lumbar spine surgery received either a modified thoracolumbar interfascial plane block or an erector spinae plane b…

This study looked at whether adding diaphragmatic breathing exercises to standard trunk stabilization exercises helps people with chronic low back pain more than trunk exercises alone. Thirty adults with at least 3 months of back pain participated. Researchers measured pain, dail…

This study tested two hands-on treatments—Active Release Technique and Strain-Counter-Strain—in 40 men aged 30-45 with chronic low back pain lasting at least 3 months. Both groups also received heat and electrical stimulation. The goal was to see which therapy better reduces pain…

This study tested two exercise programs—Sahrmann's exercises and core stabilization exercises—in 72 adults aged 20-60 with low back pain and a curved lower spine (lumbar lordosis). The goal was to see which better reduces pain and disability. Participants did the exercises in ses…

This study tested whether a 4-week neck exercise program could improve pelvic alignment and reduce low back pain in 30 adults aged 30-60. Participants did simple neck movements in different directions. Results may show a link between neck motion and back pain, but more research i…

This study tested a new augmented reality (AR) system in 17 adults with chronic low back pain and a fear of movement. Participants wore a headset that showed a video of them bending further than they actually were, creating a visual illusion. The goal was to see if the device was…

This study compared two injections for sacroiliac joint pain: platelet-rich plasma (PRP) made from the patient's own blood, and a standard steroid/anesthetic mix. Fifty adults with confirmed sacroiliac joint pain received one of the two injections. Researchers measured pain level…

This study looked at whether teaching bank employees about ergonomics and giving them breathing exercises could reduce their muscle and joint pain, improve their posture, and increase their awareness of how they sit and breathe. 62 office workers who sit at computers for at least…

This study tested two different hands-on treatments for people with lower back pain that shoots down the leg (lumbar radiculopathy). Twenty adults received either spinal mobilization with leg movement or nerve gliding exercises for six weeks. The goal was to see which therapy bet…

This study tested whether veterans with chronic low back pain can reduce pain and improve daily function by learning self-administered acupressure. About 300 veterans participated, with half using a tablet app to guide daily acupressure sessions for 6 weeks. The goal was to see i…

This study compared connective tissue massage and classical massage for chronic low back pain. Thirty adults were split into three groups: classical massage, connective tissue massage, or standard physical therapy. All treatments were given three times a week for four weeks. Rese…

This study compared two exercise programs—MAT Pilates and MIHA combined exercises—in 40 adults aged 25 to 45 with nonspecific back pain lasting at least 3 months. Researchers measured pain, quality of life, anxiety, and endurance before and after the programs. The goal was to see…

This completed study looked at whether a program of exercise alone or exercise plus mindfulness can help people with non-specific chronic low back pain. 105 adults participated, and researchers measured changes in pain, disability, muscle strength, and quality of life over 5 mont…

This completed study tested two multimodal programs in 70 adults with non-specific chronic low back pain. Both programs combined exercise, behaviour change, education, and mindfulness; one also added functional resistance training. The goal was to see if these approaches improve …

This study looked at whether adding kinesio taping to Pilates exercises helps people with non-specific low back pain. Fifty-four adults with at least moderate pain were randomly assigned to receive either real kinesio tape, placebo tape, or no tape alongside Pilates. Researchers …

This study tested whether adding motor imagery training—mentally practicing movements without actually moving—to standard telerehabilitation exercise could help people with chronic low back pain. Thirty-two adults with persistent pain were randomly assigned to either exercise alo…

This study tested a device that stimulates a nerve in the ear to treat chronic low back pain. 70 adults used the device daily for four weeks. Researchers measured changes in pain intensity and physical disability to see if this drug-free approach could help.

This study tested whether applying kinesio tape to the lower back during active labor can reduce pain and improve a woman's confidence in giving birth. 75 women in labor were randomly assigned to receive kinesio tape, a placebo tape, or standard care alone. Researchers measured p…

This study tested whether using a smartphone app alongside standard physiotherapy helps people with low back pain more than physiotherapy alone. Sixty adults with low back pain lasting at least six weeks took part. Researchers measured changes in disability and pain levels to see…

This completed study tested two common physical therapy treatments—therapeutic ultrasound and phonophoresis (ultrasound with a pain-relief gel)—against a placebo in 60 adults with chronic low back pain. All groups also received standard treatments like TENS and exercises. The goa…

This study tested different treatment sequences for chronic low back pain in 749 adults. Participants first received either physical therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy. Those who didn't improve were switched to the other therapy or added mindfulness. The goal was to find whi…

This study looked at whether adding vitamin D supplements to physical therapy helps people with long-term low back pain. 200 adults from Saudi Arabia took part, with some getting physical therapy alone and others getting physical therapy plus vitamin D for six weeks. Researchers …

This study tested a 30-day program called Positive Piggy Bank for 200 adults with low back pain who were scheduled for a steroid injection. Participants did positive activities (like noting good things) or joined a waitlist. The goal was to see if the program improved daily funct…

This study looked at whether adding a 3D myofascial release technique (a type of hands-on therapy) to McGill exercises (a specific back exercise program) helps people with non-specific low back pain. 38 adults with pain and an exaggerated inward curve of the lower spine took part…

This study tested a manual therapy called Mulligan mobilization with movement for people with low back pain caused by a sacroiliac joint problem. 41 adults received either this technique plus standard care or standard care alone. Researchers measured pain, disability, and range o…

This study tested a non-invasive treatment called repeated peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) for people with long-term low back pain. 40 adults received 10 sessions over 2 weeks, with some getting real stimulation and others a sham. Researchers measured pain, disability, and…

This study tested two hands-on treatments for chronic low back pain: positional release technique (a gentle muscle relaxation method) and stretching exercises. Forty adults with back pain lasting over 12 weeks received either technique plus standard physical therapy. Researchers …

This completed study tested whether adding dry needling to standard treatment (medication and physiotherapy) improves pain and function in people with myofascial low back pain. 156 adults with at least 3 months of pain took part. The researchers measured pain intensity, pressure …

This completed study tested two 4-week rehabilitation programs in 58 adults aged 60-75 with mild spondylolisthesis (a slipped vertebra). One group did exercises plus physical therapy; the other did exercises plus myofascial trigger point therapy. Researchers measured pain, disabi…

This study compared two common hands-on treatments—Mulligan and Maitland mobilization—in 90 people with chronic low back pain lasting more than three months. Researchers measured changes in pain, disability, and the ability to sense the position of the lower back (proprioception)…

This study looked at three treatments for chronic low back pain: standard physiotherapy, balneotherapy (mineral baths) plus physiotherapy, and prolotherapy (dextrose injections). 84 adults with pain lasting over 3 months took part. After 4 weeks, researchers measured pain, disabi…

This study tested whether adding alcohol to a standard numbing and steroid injection could provide better pain relief for people with sacroiliac joint pain. Fifty-four adults with chronic low back pain from the sacroiliac joint received an ultrasound-guided injection, with or wit…

This small study tested whether a spinal cord stimulator can reduce back and leg pain in people with lumbar spinal stenosis caused by epidural lipomatosis (fatty tissue buildup). Three adults with chronic pain received the device and were followed for 6 weeks. The main goal was t…

This study looked at how oral opioids like oxycodone or morphine affect pain sensitivity in 35 adults with chronic low back pain. Participants received either the opioid or a placebo to measure changes in pain perception. The goal is to understand individual differences and impro…

This study tested whether hamstring exercises and kinesiotaping can reduce low back pain in elite male rowers aged 14–18. Sixty participants received one of three treatments four times a week for 12 weeks. Researchers measured muscle stiffness, pain levels, and athletic performan…

This study tested two ways to treat long-term low back pain in people aged 40 to 70: whole-body electrical muscle stimulation (WB-EMS) versus standard resistance training. Both methods aim to strengthen the back and reduce pain. The trial measured changes in pain and daily functi…

This study tested two hands-on therapies—Active Release Technique and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation—to see which improves hamstring flexibility more in adults with chronic low back pain. Forty participants received one of the treatments over two weeks. Researchers mea…

This study tested whether a mindfulness program helps people with chronic low back pain reduce their opioid use and feel less pain interference. 121 adults who were already planning to taper their opioids were randomly assigned to either mindfulness training or a standard educati…

This study tested whether wearing a heat wrap and doing exercises for a week helps people with sudden low back pain feel better and stay active. One hundred adults with back pain for less than six weeks were split into three groups: heat wrap only, heat wrap plus exercises, or no…

This study looked at whether adding diaphragm release and special abdominal exercises to standard care helps people with long-term low back pain. 44 adults with pain lasting at least 12 weeks took part. Researchers measured pain levels and flexibility to see if these gentle techn…

This study tested whether bathing in Ma'n hot springs can improve quality of life for adults with low back pain. Forty participants with low muscle power, fatigue, and poor quality of life took part. The researchers measured muscle strength and pain levels before and after treatm…

This study looked at whether reformer pilates or mat pilates is better for women with lumbar disc herniation (a slipped disc). Forty women did 16 sessions over 8 weeks. Researchers measured pain, quality of life, and fear of movement. The goal was to see which type of pilates hel…

This study tested two non-invasive treatments—low-level laser therapy and shock wave therapy—for chronic low back pain. Forty adults aged 20 to 40 with no nerve pain or prior back surgery took part. Researchers measured pain levels and physical function to see which therapy worke…

This study tested whether special breathing exercises (functional inspiratory muscle training) can improve diaphragm function, core stability, and pain in people with chronic non-specific low back pain. Forty adults with back pain lasting at least 3 months took part. The training…

This study looked at whether doing exercises at work or at home is better for office workers with low back pain. 57 workers participated, and researchers measured pain, daily function, and quality of life. The goal was to find the most effective way to ease pain and improve movem…

This study looked at whether adding Reformer Pilates exercises to manual therapy (like massage, cupping, and heat) helps women with chronic low back pain more than manual therapy alone. Forty women aged 25 to 55 with pain lasting over 12 weeks took part. Researchers measured pain…

This study tested whether ear acupuncture (called Battlefield Acupuncture) works better than standard painkillers (NSAIDs) for acute low back pain in active-duty military members. 276 participants received either acupuncture, NSAIDs, or both. The goal was to see which approach re…

This study looked at whether diaphragmatic breathing exercises could help pregnant women with low back pain. Fifty-eight women between 19 and 29 weeks pregnant did breathing exercises twice a day for six weeks. Researchers measured pain, disability, balance, and quality of life t…

This study tested whether a wearable robotic suit (called an 'exosuit') could make physical therapy easier and safer for people with low back pain. 44 adults aged 18 to 70 took part. Researchers measured how usable and safe the suit was, and how it affected movement and pain. The…

This study looked at whether very low-level electrical stimulation of nerves near the spine can reduce chronic pain more than a sham (inactive) device. Twenty adults who already have a nerve stimulator implant took part. Each person received both the real low-level stimulation an…

This study tested mirror image postural exercises in 60 teens with chronic low back pain. One group did mirror exercises guided by 3D posture analysis, while the other did standard back stretches and strengthening. Researchers measured pain, posture, and daily function to see whi…

This study tested whether adding shock wave therapy to standard physical therapy helps people with chronic low back pain more than standard therapy alone. 69 adults with non-radicular low back pain were split into two groups: one got real shock waves plus standard care, the other…

This small pilot study tested whether therapeutic gardening (horticulture) could reduce pain-related brain activity in 16 adults with chronic low back pain. Participants tried both gardening and handiwork sessions, and researchers used MRI scans to measure changes in a brain regi…

This study tested a virtual reality device to see if it could reduce pain in adults with chronic low back pain that didn't respond to medication. 122 participants used the VR system, which creates a 3D environment with changing colors. The main goal was to measure pain levels aft…

This study tested whether a dietary supplement called palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) can reduce nerve-related low back pain. 120 adults with chronic pain took either a low or high dose of PEA or a placebo for several weeks. Researchers measured pain intensity, disability, and qualit…

This study compared standard physiotherapy (electrotherapy, heat, exercises, massage) to the same physiotherapy plus patient education for chronic low back pain. Forty adults with pain lasting over six months took part. The goal was to see if learning about pain causes, proper po…

This study tested a next-generation spinal cord stimulator that automatically adjusts its signals to reduce uncomfortable overstimulation sensations. 94 adults with chronic back, leg, or arm pain participated. The device was already implanted, and researchers compared pain relief…

This study tested whether having a physical therapist treat people with sudden low back pain right in the emergency department can help them feel better and use fewer painkillers. 360 adults with back pain for less than 30 days took part. Some got usual care (medication, advice),…

This study tested whether starting physical therapy in the emergency department helps people with chronic low back pain. 128 adults were randomly assigned to receive either usual care or physical therapy that included exercise, education, and a home plan. The goal was to see if t…

This study tested whether adding gentle nerve gliding exercises (called neurodynamic mobilization) to standard physical therapy could help people with a herniated disc in their lower back. Forty adults with confirmed disc herniation and at least 6 weeks of low back pain took part…

This study looked at whether adding Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) exercises to standard physical therapy helps women with chronic low back pain caused by a herniated disc. 44 women took part, with one group doing only standard exercises and the other adding DNS moves.…

This study looked at whether lumbar traction therapy (a device that gently pulls on the spine) can reduce pain and improve function in people with obesity and chronic low back pain. 49 participants received 30 minutes of traction daily for 4 weeks. Researchers measured pain, disa…

This study tested whether practicing deep squat or cross-legged sitting for 20 minutes daily, six days a week for six weeks, can help adults with chronic low back pain. 36 participants were randomly assigned to one of two position groups or a control group. Researchers measured c…

This completed study looked at how different amounts of chiropractic care affect chronic low back pain in 766 veterans. In the first phase, participants received either 1-5 or 8-12 visits over 10 weeks. Then, some continued with monthly maintenance visits for 10 months. The goal …

This study looked at whether custom-made foot orthoses (shoe inserts) can reduce disability and pain in 100 adults with chronic low back pain and pronated (flat) feet. Participants were treated with either handmade orthoses or splints. The goal was to see if correcting foot postu…

This study tested a special patch that gives off infrared heat to treat mild to moderate acute low back pain. 221 adults with back pain for less than a month wore the patch. Researchers measured how many people felt at least 30% less pain after 5 days without needing extra painki…

This completed trial tested whether elastic resistance bands or free weights are better for strengthening the gluteus medius muscle in 36 adults aged 30-60 with chronic non-specific low back pain. Participants did exercises targeting the hip muscle, and researchers measured chang…

This study tested whether dry cupping therapy, combined with routine physiotherapy, helps people with chronic non-specific low back pain more than a sham (fake) cupping treatment. Forty-eight adults with pain lasting at least 3 months took part. The results showed that real cuppi…

This study investigates whether certain physical and brain changes in people with episodic low back pain are always present (trait-like) or only appear during a pain episode (state-like). Researchers will compare results from pain-free days and painful days using sensory tests, b…

This study tested whether using a screening questionnaire called the STarT Back Tool helps doctors tailor low back pain treatment for military members. 290 adults aged 18-50 with low back pain were randomly assigned to either risk-stratified care or usual care. The goal was to se…

This completed study interviewed 13 parents or carers of children with severe motor disabilities who experience spinal pain. The goal was to understand their daily challenges and what factors contribute to their back pain. Researchers hope this knowledge will help create better s…

This study tested whether wearable devices can be used to monitor activity in older adults with chronic low back pain. 30 participants wore ankle sensors to track movement and reported on their pain and mobility. The goal was to see if this approach is practical and acceptable fo…

This study follows 87 women who had chronic low back pain 13 years ago to see how their pain, daily activities, and ability to work have changed. Researchers are looking for patterns that might predict who will improve or worsen over time. The goal is to better understand the lon…

This study looked at whether leg muscle strength is linked to low back pain in 71 Lithuanian military volunteers. Participants answered questions about back pain and had their leg muscle strength tested. The goal was to better understand how muscle balance might relate to back pa…

This study surveyed 377 university students aged 18-25 who had low back pain for at least 6 months. The goal was to find out how many chose self-medication versus consulting a physiotherapist. Researchers used questionnaires to understand students' choices and attitudes toward pa…

This completed study examined 103 adults with chronic non-specific low back pain to understand how body awareness, central sensitization (overactive pain signaling), disability, and muscle endurance are related. Researchers measured pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, and tr…

This study tested a device that measures how much pressure physical therapists apply during spinal mobilization for low back pain. Researchers enrolled 50 healthy adults and people with chronic low back pain to see if the tool could reliably track joint motion, force, and tissue …

This pilot study tested a program called STEPPT to see if it could reduce ethnic disparities in physical therapy referrals and attendance for spine pain. The program included educating clinic staff, updating electronic health records to automate referrals, and providing patient n…

This study looked at 618 people aged 18 to 70 who had hip replacement surgery to see if they developed new low back pain afterward. Researchers tracked how many patients experienced their first episode of low back pain after the procedure. The goal was simply to observe and measu…

This completed study surveyed 106 licensed physiotherapists and internship students in Türkiye to see how closely they follow evidence-based guidelines for treating low back pain. Participants answered a short online questionnaire about their knowledge, attitudes, and treatment c…

This completed study from Oslo University Hospital looked for bacteria in the discs and bones of 200 people with chronic low back pain who were having spine surgery. Researchers took tissue samples during surgery and used lab tests and genetic sequencing to detect any bacteria. T…

This study looked at 128 women with chronic low back pain to see if the position of the uterus (tipped forward or backward) affects pain sensitivity. Researchers measured pain thresholds and used questionnaires to assess pain and related factors. No treatments were given—the goal…

This study looked at whether people with low back pain walk differently than those without pain. Researchers measured walking speed, step length, and joint movements in 74 adults using 3D motion analysis. Participants also filled out questionnaires about pain and activity levels.…

This study tested whether specially trained physiotherapists can safely diagnose and treat non-urgent muscle and joint pain in the emergency room, compared to standard care from doctors. 102 patients with back, neck, or shoulder pain were randomly assigned to either a physiothera…

This study looked at 150 people with low back pain to see if there are different types based on how pain spreads and how the nervous system processes pain. Researchers used body maps and pain sensitivity tests to group patients. The goal was to better understand back pain, not to…

This study measured hip and upper back movement in 60 adults with chronic low back pain to see if they are related. Participants had their hip range of motion and thoracic spine flexibility tested. The goal was to understand how these body areas might influence each other in peop…

This study used special brain scans to look for signs of inflammation in the brains and spinal cords of 60 people with chronic low back pain. Researchers also tested whether a short course of the antibiotic minocycline could reduce both inflammation and pain. The goal was to bett…

This study tested whether prosthetists—specialists who fit artificial limbs—can screen for common but often unnoticed health problems like depression, nerve damage, and poor blood flow in people who have had a leg amputation. Seventy participants were split into two groups: one r…

This study measured how well back muscles use oxygen during exercise in people with chronic low back pain compared to healthy individuals. Researchers used special sensors to track muscle oxygen and breathing. The goal was to understand why back pain patients often feel muscle fa…

This study created a Turkish version of the Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire and tested it with 186 Turkish-speaking adults who have back pain. The goal was to ensure the questionnaire is accurate and reliable for measuring what patients know about low back pain. This tool c…

This study tested a sequence of core stability exercises in 40 young adults with lower crossed syndrome, a condition where weak core muscles cause poor posture and back pain. Researchers measured changes in pelvic tilt, chest expansion, and diaphragm function using cameras and ul…

This study tested a French version of the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) in 150 people with chronic low back pain. The questionnaire measures how patients perceive their back, including neglect and body image. The goal was to confirm that the French version works…

This study translated an English questionnaire into Turkish to help athletes with low back pain measure how their pain affects sports and daily activities. 120 Turkish athletes with low back pain filled out three questionnaires. The goal was to make sure the Turkish version is ac…

This study looked at how sitting in a regular chair versus an ergonomic chair changes the curve of your lower back and pelvis. Researchers measured 20 people, some with chronic back pain and some without, to see if chair type makes a difference. The goal was to understand how sit…

This study looked at how chronic low back pain changes the way people control their movements. Researchers compared 70 participants—some with long-term back pain and some healthy—by measuring their stability during bending and twisting motions. The goal was to better understand t…

This study looked at 120 people aged 50 and older with low back pain to see how well MRI-based grading of lumbar spinal stenosis matches what patients report on disability and pain questionnaires. Researchers compared three common questionnaires (Oswestry Disability Index, Istanb…

This completed study looked at 416 veterans with low back pain to find out which physical activities cause short-term pain flares and which help long-term recovery. Participants reported their pain flares and disability over time. The goal is to give better activity advice to peo…

This study looked at whether teaching cadets about back pain—either warning them about injury or reassuring them about spine strength—affects how much weight they can lift and their confidence. Over 900 new U.S. Military Academy cadets took part during basic training in summer 20…

This study looked at 70 elderly women with long-term non-specific low back pain to see how their balance relates to disability, fear of falling, and social participation. Researchers measured balance, disability, and community involvement. The goal is to better understand these c…

This study followed 7300 Spanish workers for 18 months to see which personal, psychological, work-related, and clinical factors increase the risk of taking sick leave due to low back pain. Participants filled out questionnaires at checkups. The goal was to understand what leads t…