Can the way you squat ease back pain? a trial tests Knees-Over-Toes vs. not
NCT ID NCT06843785
First seen Jul 24, 2026 · Last updated Aug 14, 2026 · Updated 1 time
Summary
This trial compares two squat exercise patterns—one where the knees go past the toes and one where they do not—to see which better improves muscle strength, balance, and low back pain. Healthy young adults aged 18–30 who are physically active will perform one of the two squat styles. The study measures changes in disability, balance, and physical activity levels to find out if squat technique matters for back health.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- Active substance
- two different squat exercise patterns (knees over toes vs. knees not over toes)
- What this could lead to
- If one squat pattern proves better, it could lead to simple exercise recommendations for preventing or easing low back pain in healthy people.
- What could go wrong
- This is a small, early-stage trial in healthy young adults, so results may not apply to older people or those with chronic pain. The difference between patterns may be small.
This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.
Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Phase
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Not a phased trial
Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.
- Participants
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60 people
The number who actually took part.
- Started
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Mar 2025
- Finished
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May 2025
- Lead sponsor
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Other sponsor
The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
- Ages
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18 to 30 years
- Sex
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Anyone
- Healthy volunteers
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Accepted
You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.
Show the full entry requirements Hide the full entry requirements
Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Inclusion Criteria: * Being between the ages of 18-30, * According to International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form Being physically active * Not having any psychological, neurological, orthopedic and rheumatic disorders, * Not having a history of fractures or surgeries affecting the lower extremities in the last year, * Being able to do at least one traditional squat exercise * Being able to communicate in Turkish (written and verbal) Exclusion criteria * Being pregnant or suspected of being pregnant * Knee valgus diagnosis * Pes planus or pes cavus diagnosis in the foot * Hip rotation diagnosis * Strength deficit between two extremities * A physician-diagnosed painful knee condition of recent onset * Regular medication use or use of NSAIDs and similar disease-modifying drugs in the last month * Intra-articular injection (hyaluronic acid/steroid) application in the last 6 months * Having a comorbid disease that contraindicates exercise (advanced osteoporosis, vertigo, neurological diseases, etc.)
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Conditions
The condition(s) this trial relates to.
As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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Bahçeşehir Universtiy
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
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