Inflammatory bowel disease

This study tests whether dapagliflozin, a drug currently used for diabetes, can help control inflammation in people with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. Researchers will give 50 adults either dapagliflozin plus standard mesalamine or mesalamine alone, and track changes in sy…

Ulcerative colitis causes ongoing inflammation in the colon and rectum, and current treatments do not work for everyone. Researchers are testing whether adding pentoxifylline, a drug with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, to standard care can reduce disease activity. The…

This trial compares two bowel-cleansing regimens for colonoscopy in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). One uses a high-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution, while the other uses a lower-volume sodium picosulfate and magnesium oxide preparation. The study will me…

This trial explores whether it is possible to run a larger study of mirtazapine, an antidepressant, in people who have both major depression and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). About 76 adults with IBD and depression will be randomly assigned to take either mirtazapine or a pla…

This trial is testing whether a prebiotic supplement called 2'-FL, found in human milk, can safely ease gut symptoms in young people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Participants, aged 11 to 25, are in remission and already …

This study follows about 600 adults with Crohn's disease who are receiving ustekinumab (Stelara) as part of their routine care. The goal is to see how many achieve steroid-free remission after one year, using a standard symptom score. By including patients from both large researc…

This trial tests whether ferric maltol, an oral iron supplement, can safely raise hemoglobin levels in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who have iron deficiency anemia and have not responded to or cannot tolerate standard ferrous iron pills. Participants take either f…

This trial investigates whether drinking pomegranate juice for 12 weeks can reduce gut inflammation in people with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis who are in remission. Participants will drink either pomegranate juice or a placebo beverage twice daily, and researchers will …

This study tests whether a specific diet, called the IBD-AID, can improve symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by changing the bacteria in the gut. Participants aged 15 and older with IBD will follow the diet for 8 weeks, with guidance from study staff and cooking classes…

This study tests whether a peer coaching program delivered by phone and text can help adolescents and young adults (ages 16–22) with chronic conditions like sickle cell disease, diabetes, or cystic fibrosis improve their self-management skills. Participants are paired with a trai…

This study looks at whether combining two drugs—upadacitinib and ustekinumab—at lower doses can help people with Crohn's disease that hasn't improved with standard treatments. Participants are adults aged 18 to 65 who have already tried and failed other therapies. The goal is to …

People with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of colorectal cancer and need regular colonoscopies to catch early warning signs. This study compares two techniques—narrow-band imaging (a special light) and an artificial intelligence (AI) system—to see which finds…

This study tested fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from different donors to treat ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease. Researchers gave 102 patients a one-time colonoscopic infusion of fresh fecal bacteria from healthy donors. The goal was to see if don…

This study investigates whether giving vitamin D supplements to adults with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) who also have low vitamin D levels can improve their iron status. Participants take high-dose vitamin D3 weekly for 8 weeks, then a lower…

This phase 2 trial tests whether OSE-127, an antibody that blocks a key immune signal, can reduce disease activity in people with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis who have not responded to or cannot tolerate previous treatments. Participants are randomly assigned to receive …

This study tested whether using two advanced drugs together (either two biologics or one biologic plus a small molecule) is safe and effective for people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who haven't gotten better on standard treatments. Researchers followed 117 patients in C…

This trial tests whether a nurse-led education program, based on the Health Belief Model, can improve treatment adherence in people with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) who are receiving anti-TNF therapy. The program aims to address patients' co…

This study tested whether taking tempeh powder (a source of isoflavones) and vitamin D3 daily for 8 weeks could improve vitamin D levels, reduce inflammation, and boost quality of life in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fifty adults with ulcerative colitis or Crohn'…

This study tested whether mirikizumab can help people with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis stay in remission (symptom-free) after they had already responded to an initial treatment. About 1,300 adults who completed a prior induction study were randomly assigned to receive m…

This study tested the drug tofacitinib (Xeljanz) in 10 adults with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) who had ongoing inflammation in the gut, skin, or lungs. Participants took the pill daily for 3 months to see if it was safe and could help control symptoms. The goal was to fin…

This study tested whether adding fenofibrate, a drug typically used for high cholesterol, to the standard treatment mesalamine can improve symptoms and quality of life in people with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. The trial enrolled 60 adults and measured changes in disease…

This study looked at 150 adults with Crohn's disease to see if advanced imaging could predict how well the drug Ustekinumab controls inflammation. Researchers measured changes in the gut wall and compared them to standard tests. The goal was to improve treatment monitoring for th…

This study tested whether sulfasalazine, a drug used for arthritis, can improve liver health and symptoms in people with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) who also have inflammatory bowel disease. 32 adults across the US took either the drug or a placebo for a set time. Resear…

This study tested an experimental pill called MORF-057 in 39 adults with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. The drug aims to reduce gut inflammation by blocking a specific protein. Researchers measured changes in colon tissue health and symptom scores after 12 weeks of treatm…

This study tested a web-based telemonitoring system called TECCU for people with moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis). 290 participants in Spain were randomly assigned to use the app or receive usual care. The goal was to see if th…

This completed study looked at how safe and effective upadacitinib (RINVOQ) is for Korean adults with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. About 600 participants were followed for up to 52 weeks while taking the drug as prescribed by their doctor. The main go…

This study tested switching 38 adults with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's or ulcerative colitis) from intravenous infliximab to a subcutaneous (under-the-skin) injection. Researchers measured drug levels, quality of life, and patient satisfaction over 24 weeks. The goal was …

This study monitored 688 people in South Korea with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or pouchitis who were treated with Kynteles (vedolizumab) as part of their normal care. The main goal was to track side effects, and researchers also looked at how many patients saw symptom i…

This study followed 150 people with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease) who were given VedAryo (vedolizumab) to see if it helps control their condition and is safe. Participants received the drug by IV at the start, after 2 weeks, after 6 weeks, and…

This study tested whether a blood test measuring proteins can help doctors choose the best treatment for people newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. 300 patients were split into two groups: one where doctors had …

This study tested whether adding the antibiotic minocycline to standard mesalamine treatment helps control mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. 46 adults took part. Researchers measured disease activity using a symptom score. The trial is complete, but results are not yet publish…

This study tested whether adding atorvastatin (a cholesterol-lowering drug) to standard mesalamine treatment improves quality of life and reduces inflammation in adults with ulcerative colitis. 54 participants completed the trial. The goal was to see if the drug's anti-inflammato…

This study looked at how well a special diet (called CDED plus NEP) works for children aged 8 to 18 with active Crohn's disease. The diet aims to reduce inflammation and help the gut heal without needing steroids or other strong drugs. Researchers tracked 58 kids in real-world cl…

This study looked at whether regularly measuring levels of anti-TNF drugs and antibodies in the blood can help doctors better manage inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's and ulcerative colitis). 260 patients were split into two groups: one where doctors used these test results to …

This study tested two team-based care models for 657 adults with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's or ulcerative colitis) who also had mild to severe behavioral health symptoms. One model used in-person visits with a team including a gastroenterologist, nurse, nutritionist, and…

This study tests whether chemicals in a person's breath, called volatile organic compounds, can signal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Researchers will collect breath, blood, and stool samples from people wi…

This study tests whether adding Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) features to standard Western medical data improves machine-learning models that predict colorectal conditions before a colonoscopy. Researchers will compare two strategies: one using only Western clinical and lab …

This study looked at four substances in the blood (Osteoprotegerin, sRANKL, NFkB, and TFF3) to see if they could help diagnose inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Researchers measured these markers in 70 newly diagnosed patient…

This trial tests whether giving children with autoimmune diseases (like inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatologic conditions) an extra booster dose of the flu vaccine improves their immune response compared to a single dose. These children take immunosuppressive medications tha…

This study tested whether a diet that avoids certain inflammatory foods could lower the risk of developing Crohn's disease in healthy people who have a close relative with the condition. Twenty-nine participants followed the 'Tasty & Healthy' diet for 8 weeks. The main goal was t…

This study tested whether combining a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) with the drug bezlotoxumab could prevent repeat Clostridium difficile infections in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sixty-one adults with at least two prior C. diff infections were randomly assi…

This study tests whether morning light therapy can improve sleep timing and reduce symptoms in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Sixty-eight adults with active IBD symptoms will either use a light therapy device at hom…

This study tests whether listening to jazz or reggae music can reduce chronic pain in people with IBS, Crohn's disease, or colitis. Researchers will compare two groups: one listens to mindful jazz, the other to reggae, over four weeks. The goal is to find a safe, non-addictive wa…

This study tested a 21-step enhanced recovery protocol for children aged 10-18 undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery. The protocol included things like shorter fasting times, early eating and moving, and less use of opioids. The goal was to see if it could shorten hospital…

This study investigates how easy or hard it is for adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to follow three different eating plans: intermittent fasting, the Mediterranean diet, and the low FODMAP diet. Researchers will interview participants to understand what helps or hinde…

This study tests whether a daily postbiotic supplement called PosBion® can ease symptoms and improve quality of life in adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Participants take two sachets of the supplement each day for 12 weeks. Researchers measure changes in IBS symptoms, …

This study tests whether a 9-week relaxation response mind-body program can improve quality of life and reduce symptoms in people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Participants attend weekly group sessions that include breathing exercises, m…

This study looked at whether placing a bridge device during loop ileostomy creation reduces complications like infections or stoma problems. 166 adults having elective colorectal surgery took part. The goal was to see if the device improves outcomes or just adds difficulty to car…

This study tested whether nurse coaching could help people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) better manage their symptoms, improve self-care, and enhance quality of life. Forty adults with IBD in remission participated. Researchers measured changes in symptom burden, self-car…

This study tested whether eating steamed broccoli sprouts daily for 28 days could increase anti-inflammatory compounds in the blood and stool of people with mild ulcerative colitis. 23 participants took either 1 or 3 servings of sprouts per day. The goal was to see if this diet i…

This study tested whether eating gluten-free for one week reduces gut symptoms and fatigue in people with ulcerative colitis. Fifteen participants followed both a high-gluten and a gluten-free diet in random order, with symptom questionnaires and samples collected. The goal is to…

This study tested a comprehensive self-management program for people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The program included eight sessions covering topics like symptom tracking, relaxation, diet, and pain management. Research…

This study tested a 12-week nursing program based on the Roy Adaptation Model for adults who recently had a colostomy. It aimed to reduce anxiety and depression and improve quality of life compared to standard care. 115 participants were randomly assigned to either the special pr…

This study looked at whether a tailored physical activity program could improve bone density in 15 children and teens with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Kids with IBD often have weaker bones due to inflammation, medication, and lower activity levels. The program focused on mo…

This study tested whether a liquid diet called Neocate Splash could change gut bacteria and ease stomach symptoms in people with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Three participants followed the diet for up to 4 weeks, with hospital stays a…

This small study tested whether an AI-powered virtual reality app could safely provide mental health support to 22 adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who also had mild anxiety or depression. The goal was to see if the digital session was practical and acceptable, not to…

This pilot study tested whether giving ondansetron (Zofran) before drinking bowel-cleansing liquid helps children have a cleaner colon and feel less sick. 41 kids aged 2 to 20 took either ondansetron or a placebo before their colonoscopy. The study measured bowel cleanliness and …

This study tested whether a low-calorie, plant-based diet that mimics fasting could reduce depressive symptoms in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 42 adults with mild-to-moderate depression and IBD followed either the fasting-mimicking diet or a calorie-sufficient pl…

This study is collecting blood, urine, and stool samples from 500 children with autoimmune diseases and healthy controls. Researchers will analyze these samples to find molecular patterns that could help diagnose these conditions and guide treatment decisions. The goal is to crea…

This study collects tissue and blood samples from 300 people with autoimmune diseases like Crohn's, multiple sclerosis, and celiac disease. Researchers aim to identify the specific targets of immune cells (T cells) that cause inflammation. The goal is to discover new targets for …

This study is testing whether two dietary supplements, Goodphyte IB Defense and Goodphyte Immunity, are acceptable and easy for adults with chronic diseases like IBD, hypertension, anemia, or multiple sclerosis to take. Researchers will also check if the supplements improve how w…

This study looks back at the medical records of over 1,000 people hospitalized with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in China. The goal is to understand the features, treatments, and outcomes of patients whose IBD does not respond well to standard therapies. By analyzing real-wor…

This study compares two ways of doing colonoscopy in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who are at higher risk for colon cancer. One method takes biopsies only from visible abnormal areas, while the other also takes random biopsies from normal-looking tissue. The goal i…

This study compares two simple educational tools—a written PDF and an audio podcast—to see which helps people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) learn more about their condition. Participants fill out questionnaires at the start and after three months to measure knowledge, sat…

This study looked at how a protein called IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) affects gut healing in people with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Researchers compared samples from 52 patients and healthy volunteers to understand how IL-22BP is regulated during disease flares. T…

This study investigates whether gut microorganisms and their byproducts play a role in triggering severe flare-ups of ulcerative colitis. Researchers will compare patients hospitalized with severe colitis to those with milder symptoms, analyzing stool and blood samples over three…

This study aimed to create a detailed map of the cells in the human appendix and understand their genetic activity. Researchers analyzed appendix tissue from 5 patients undergoing colon cancer surgery. The goal was to learn more about the appendix's role in the immune system and …

This completed study took small tissue samples from the colons of 40 people during routine colonoscopies. Using advanced genetic techniques, researchers created a detailed map of the different cell types and their gene activity. The goal is to better understand how colon diseases…

This Phase 1 trial tested the safety and tolerability of INT-210 capsules in 86 healthy adults aged 18-45. Participants received single or multiple doses of the drug or a placebo, and researchers monitored side effects and how the drug moves through the body. The study also looke…

This study looked at how a soy-based diet or a similar diet without soy changes gut bacteria in people with Crohn's disease (in remission or active) and healthy volunteers. Researchers measured inflammation markers and tracked whether symptoms stayed stable over one week. The goa…

This study measured how often adults with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) show signs of eating disorders, including avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Researchers used questionnaires to assess eating habits and nutritional status…

This study looked at 84 children and teens with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to see if daily physical activity is linked to better bone density. Participants wore activity monitors and had bone scans. The goal is to understand if staying active could help prevent bone loss, a…

This completed study looked at 115 people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to see if their condition raises the risk of atherosclerosis, a hardening of the arteries that can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Researchers measured artery stiffness and thickness, and tracked h…

This completed study looked at 63 Crohn's disease patients who had an anal fistula treated with anti-TNF drugs and a seton drain. Researchers tracked how long the fistula stayed closed and what factors might cause it to come back. The goal is to better understand long-term outcom…

This study looked at 366 adults referred for suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The goal was to find simple, non-invasive markers that can help doctors diagnose IBD more accurately and predict how the disease will progres…

This study observed 165 people with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's or ulcerative colitis) in Poland who were already taking or starting vedolizumab. Researchers tracked whether patients chose intravenous or subcutaneous (under-the-skin) injections, and how long they stayed o…

This study looked at how being isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health of 232 people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Researchers used questionnaires to measure depression, anxiety, and other psychological symptoms. The goal was to understand what f…

This study looked at whether taking a bowel-cleaning liquid before a capsule endoscopy helps doctors see the small intestine better and find more problems. 230 adults scheduled for the procedure were randomly assigned to get either a split dose, a single morning dose, or no speci…

This completed Italian study looked at how often children with inactive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) also have disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs), like irritable bowel syndrome. Researchers used the Rome IV questionnaire to compare 220 children with quiescent IBD to h…

This study measured calprotectin, a protein in stool that signals gut inflammation, in 121 healthy adults aged 22 and older. Participants collected a single stool sample at home and mailed it in. The goal is to establish what level is normal, helping doctors better tell apart inf…

This study reviewed medical records of 966 children diagnosed with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis between 1988 and 2011. Researchers looked at how often children needed surgery and how treatments like immunosuppressants and anti-TNF drugs were used over time. The goal was …

This completed study from China looked at 50 adults with Crohn's disease who were treated with two newer biologic drugs, Ustekinumab and Vedolizumab. The goal was to see how well these drugs control the disease and what factors might predict a good response. By analyzing past med…

This study looked at physical fitness in 100 children and teens (ages 10-17) with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or unclassified colitis) and compared them to healthy kids of the same age, weight, and sex. Researchers measured cardiorespi…

This study looked at how much of the drug risankizumab (Skyrizi) passes into the breast milk of women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ten breastfeeding mothers who were already taking the drug provided milk samples over several weeks. The goal is to understand potential ex…

This study looked at 120 adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to see if simple stool tests can tell if the disease is active or in remission, just like a colonoscopy does. Colonoscopy is the current gold standard but is expensive, invasive, and not ideal for frequent chec…

This study looked at how hormonal birth control might help manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms that get worse during a woman's period. Researchers surveyed 50 women with IBD to understand their preferences for birth control and whether they would join a future trial.…

This early-stage trial tested a new oral drug called IPG11406 in 66 healthy adults to see if it is safe and how the body processes it. The drug is designed to treat inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Participants received either the drug or a…

This study aims to create a tool that helps nurses better assess and care for the sexual health needs of men with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The research involved 792 participants, including men with IBD and their partners, as well as healthcare professionals. The goal is …

This early-stage study tested a single dose of the experimental antibody SM17 in 30 healthy Chinese adults to see if it is safe and how the body processes it. The study did not aim to treat any disease. Results will help plan future trials for conditions like eczema, asthma, and …

This pilot study tested whether a transition coach can help 16-17 year olds with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis or Inflammatory Bowel Disease move from pediatric to adult care. The coach met with each teen for 8 one-hour sessions covering self-advocacy, medication management, and …

This study analyzed data from over 8,700 pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's or ulcerative colitis) to see how well doctors follow guidelines when prescribing antiTNFα drugs and whether the benefits outweigh the risks for both mother and baby. Researchers look…

This study looked at 211 adults with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to see which colonoscopy method finds precancerous growths better: high-definition white light or dye spraying. Participants had IBD for at least eight years. The goal was to improve cancer screen…

This study looked at 139 children having a colonoscopy to see how often the CMV virus is found in their gut tissue and blood. Some children had inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's or colitis) and some did not. The goal was to learn which tests best detect CMV in the gut, helping …

This study looked at whether giving extra nutrition through a vein in the arm (instead of a central line) helps people recover after colorectal surgery. 200 adults who had surgery for conditions like colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease took part. The goal was to see i…

This study observed 92 adults with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis who were receiving vedolizumab either as an intravenous infusion or a subcutaneous injection. Researchers tracked treatment patterns, such as whether patients stayed on their current form or switched, over 1…

This study looked at how inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects oral health and daily life. Researchers compared 138 adults with IBD to people without IBD, using a questionnaire to measure oral health-related quality of life. The goal was to understand which factors, like medic…

This study looked at 40 children aged 6 to 17 with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's or ulcerative colitis) to understand how DNA that escapes from cells might make inflammation worse. Researchers analyzed blood, stool, and gut tissue samples to see if a specific pathway (cGAS-…

This study looked at 818 people with Crohn's disease to see if variations in the TNFSF4 gene are linked to the disease and how well patients respond to the drug ustekinumab. Researchers analyzed blood samples to find genetic patterns. The goal is to better understand why some pat…

This study looked at 234 adults with ulcerative colitis whose gut lining had healed (Mayo 0 or 1). Researchers tracked how increasing, decreasing, or switching treatments affected patients' quality of life over 6 and 12 months. They also measured inflammation markers like fecal c…

This study looked at tiny, lab-grown versions of the intestine called organoids, made from tissue samples of people with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's or ulcerative colitis), a genetic polyp condition (FAP), and healthy volunteers. The goal was to understand how intestinal …

This study looked at how many girls and young women aged 11 to 20 with chronic diseases (like diabetes or immune conditions) got the HPV vaccine, compared to those without chronic illness. Researchers reviewed records of 223 participants from a hospital in France. The goal was to…

This study tested how well the flu vaccine works and if it's safe for people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Researchers compared 228 adults with IBD who were either taking immunosuppressive drugs or not. The goal was to see if the vaccine triggers a strong immune response…

This study measured levels of the laxative PEG 3350 and its breakdown products in the blood and urine of 158 children who were already taking it, compared to children not taking it. The goal was simply to learn how the body processes this medicine, not to change any treatments. R…

This completed study examined gut bacteria in 15 people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or Parkinson's disease, comparing them to healthy individuals. Researchers analyzed stool and blood samples to see if bacteria from the gut move into the bloodstream. The goal was to und…

This study looked at how nutrition, meal patterns, and diet affect quality of life, gut symptoms, and mood in 50 people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Researchers collected data using food recalls and questionnaires. The goal was to better understand the role of diet in m…

This study takes small tissue samples from people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy volunteers to grow 'mini guts' (organoids) in the lab. Researchers will then expose these organoids to radiation to mimic radiation enteritis and test potential treatments. The goa…

This study looked at 150 adults with Crohn's disease who had narrowings in the small intestine (strictures) but no symptoms. Researchers reviewed medical records to see how often these silent strictures later caused problems like belly pain, nausea, or vomiting. The goal is to he…

This completed study interviewed 10 IBD patients and 6 healthcare professionals to understand how they make shared decisions about using telemonitoring versus standard care. The goal is to improve the decision-making process so patients feel more engaged and informed. The study d…

This completed study looked at how a special form of vitamin B3 (nicotinamide) is processed in 28 patients with low tryptophan levels due to respiratory infections or inflammatory bowel disease. Participants took either 500 mg or 1000 mg of the supplement daily for four weeks. Th…