HIV

This early-stage trial tested a new HIV vaccine candidate in 57 healthy adults without HIV. The goal was to see if the vaccine is safe and whether it triggers a specific immune response that could help fight the virus. Researchers used a special adjuvant to boost the vaccine's ef…

This completed study looked at how effective the Prevnar 13 (PCV13) vaccine is at preventing pneumonia and related infections in adults with HIV. Researchers analyzed health records of over 350,000 people with HIV to compare those who got the vaccine with those who did not. The g…

This study tests whether a synbiotic supplement (a mix of a prebiotic called 2'-FL HMO and a probiotic called B. infantis) can reduce infections and improve growth in infants who were exposed to HIV but are not infected themselves. About 140 infants will receive either the supple…

This study tested a program called Gender-affirming Abriendo Puertas for transgender women living with HIV in Santo Domingo. The program included individual counseling, peer support, and community activities to help participants stay on HIV medication and achieve viral suppressio…

This trial tests a package of services called TASKPEN, which combines HIV care with screening and treatment for high blood pressure, diabetes, and tobacco use. It involves over 5,700 adults living with HIV in Lusaka, Zambia. The goal is to see if this integrated approach helps mo…

This small pilot study tested whether giving spironolactone, a drug normally used for heart conditions, could help people with HIV reduce their alcohol use. Twenty-one participants received the drug along with support from a pharmacist and psychiatrist. The study focused on wheth…

This study tested a two-part vaccine (Ad26.Mos4.HIV and MVA-BN-HIV) combined with three broadly neutralizing antibodies (PGT121, PGDM1400, VRC07-523LS) in 28 adults with HIV who were already on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). The goal was to see if this combination coul…

This study tested a simple tool that helps doctors choose the right stop-smoking medicines for people living with HIV. 371 smokers from three clinics took part. The goal was to see if the tool helped more people quit smoking for at least a week.

This study looked at whether it is safe to transplant livers from deceased HIV-positive donors into HIV-positive recipients. Researchers followed 80 participants to track complications like graft failure, infections, and HIV breakthrough. The goal was to see if using HIV-positive…

This study tested the safety and how the body processes the HIV drug dolutegravir in newborns whose mothers have HIV. A total of 48 mother-infant pairs from four countries participated. Infants received either a liquid or tablet form of the drug during their first weeks of life, …

This completed Phase 2 trial tested a new drug called lipovirtide, given as a weekly or biweekly injection, along with daily oral HIV medications. The study enrolled 64 HIV-positive adults who had never taken antiviral drugs before. Researchers measured how many participants had …

This study looked at whether adults aged 50 and older living with HIV could safely switch from a three-drug pill to a simpler two-drug pill (DTG/3TC) while keeping the virus under control. About 200 participants who already had undetectable virus levels made the switch and were f…

This study tested a new drug called LP-98 in 40 people with HIV who had not taken any HIV medications before. Participants received different doses of LP-98 as a shot under the skin every two weeks for a total of four doses. The main goal was to check if the drug is safe and how …

This pilot study tested a text-message game called iTAG that uses points, a scoreboard, and motivational messages to encourage young people with HIV in Ghana to take their medication regularly. Twenty-one participants aged 18-24 received the game for 90 days. Researchers measured…

This study tested a program where pregnant women living with HIV received support from trained peers to help them stay in medical care and keep the virus under control after giving birth. The program included face-to-face sessions before and after delivery. The goal was to improv…

This study tested a program to help men who have sex with men (MSM) stay on daily PrEP (a pill that prevents HIV) and reduce sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 240 men in Atlanta used a mobile app that flagged when they might stop PrEP, then a peer counselor and doctor stepp…

This completed study tested a behavioral program called WeCare for men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa. The program included individual sessions to identify problems and create action plans, plus group sessions for social support and coping with stigma. The goal was t…

This study tested whether a weekly injection of PRO 140 (Leronlimab) could keep HIV under control in people whose virus was already suppressed by daily pills. Over 500 participants switched from their regular medication to the shot alone for 48 weeks. The goal was to see how many…

This study looked at whether community health workers can help people with HIV and high blood pressure in northern Tanzania manage their condition. About 100 participants received counseling, doctor visits, and phone calls over 6 months. The goal was to see if this approach helps…

This study tested different ways to deliver HIV treatment to people in South Africa who had detectable virus or were not in care. About 874 adults took part, receiving either incentives, community-based care, or home delivery of medication. The goal was to see which approach help…

This study tested whether people with HIV who have a low viral reservoir can safely switch from a three-drug regimen to a two-drug regimen (Truvada alone) while keeping the virus under control. The goal is to reduce long-term side effects and treatment costs. The trial involved 2…

This study tested a program that combines small loans and group support to help people with HIV in Kenya. The goal was to improve HIV medication adherence, mental health, and family relationships. 843 people took part, and the program aimed to reduce depression, anxiety, and PTSD…

This study tested a program called iSTRIVE for 42 adults with HIV who also use opioids or stimulants and were not well engaged in HIV care. The program combined emotion regulation and communication skills training with video check-ins and small rewards to encourage daily HIV medi…

This study tested whether training people on methadone to become peer educators could help their friends who inject drugs and have HIV get into treatment. The peer educators talked to their social network members about medication for drug dependence and accompanied them to the cl…

This study tested a program where people living with HIV who use stimulants (like methamphetamine) could earn rewards for staying drug-free and taking their HIV medications. 37 adults took part in a primary care clinic. The goal was to see if this reward system was practical and …

This study followed 13 people with HIV who agreed to receive a solid organ transplant (like a kidney or liver) from a deceased donor who also had HIV. The goal was to see if this practice is safe and works as well as transplants from donors without HIV. Researchers tracked patien…

This completed Phase 4 trial tested whether adding efavirenz (a standard HIV drug) to a person's usual combination therapy could reduce the size of the hidden HIV reservoir. Seven adults with well-controlled HIV took one extra pill daily for six months. Researchers measured safet…

This study looked back at medical records of 800 people with HIV to compare two drug combinations: a two-drug regimen (DTG/3TC) and a three-drug regimen (BIC/F/TAF). The goal was to see how well each kept the virus suppressed over 48 weeks. Participants were adults already on HIV…

This completed study tested a program called Family Connections for HIV-positive youth aged 15-21 and their caregivers in Zambia. The goal was to help teens achieve an undetectable viral load and reduce self-stigma through group sessions. Over 1,300 participants took part, and th…

This study tested a 12-session telehealth counseling program for young people aged 18-29 living with HIV. The program used text messaging and video calls to help them stay engaged in care, manage mental health, and reduce substance use. Fifty participants were enrolled to see if …

This study looked at how safe and tolerable the drug bedaquiline is for children and teens with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis, including those also living with HIV. Fifty-four participants received bedaquiline along with their regular TB treatment for 24 weeks. Researchers meas…

This study looked at whether the HIV drug dolutegravir is safe and effective in pregnant women who have not yet been treated for HIV. Sixty women in late pregnancy were randomly assigned to receive either dolutegravir or standard HIV medicines. The goal was to measure drug levels…

This study tested whether using augmented reality (AR) on a smartphone can help men who have sex with men perform HIV self-tests better than using paper instructions. 349 participants in Hong Kong were randomly assigned to use either AR guidance or standard instruction sheets. Re…

This study tested a new rapid HIV test for infants in Zambia that gives results in under an hour, compared to standard lab tests that take weeks. Researchers wanted to see if faster diagnosis would lead to more babies starting treatment sooner. Over 1,600 HIV-exposed infants were…

This study tested two new tools for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB): a software that analyzes chest X-rays (CAD4TB) and a blood test that measures C-reactive protein (CRP). Researchers enrolled 1,400 adults with TB symptoms in Lesotho and South Africa. They compared these tests to s…

This study tested a mobile app called WeTest-WeLink to help high-risk men in China test themselves for HIV and connect to care. 1,800 HIV-negative men who have sex with men used the app or received standard information. The goal was to see if the app increased HIV self-testing an…

This study evaluated a program called PALMS that uses live movement and sound to teach HIV prevention to high-risk minority male teens aged 12-18 in juvenile justice or drug treatment centers. The goal was to see if the program reduces risky sexual behaviors and encourages HIV te…

This study tested a program to help Latino men who have sex with men get access to PrEP (HIV prevention pills), HIV testing, and mental health services. The program included one-on-one outreach sessions and a website with stories from other Latino men. The goal was to see if this…

This study tested a special program called 'Estoy PrEParado' designed to help Latino men who have sex with men start taking PrEP, a daily pill that prevents HIV. The program provided information, motivation, and skills tailored to this community. Researchers enrolled 105 particip…

This study tested whether a community-based program offering flexible HIV prevention and treatment options could lower the number of new HIV infections. Over 80,000 people aged 15 and older in East African communities took part. The approach focused on delivering the right care t…

This study tested whether providing HIV prevention pills (PrEP and PEP) at local pharmacies in Kenya helps more people start and continue taking them, compared to the usual clinic referral. Over 5,800 participants from 60 pharmacies were involved. The goal was to see if pharmacy-…

This study tested a smartphone app designed to help Black women in the southern U.S. learn about and access HIV prevention tools, like PrEP, and other sexual health resources. Fifty-six women used the app or received standard information. The goal was to see if the app was easy t…

This study tested two HIV prevention programs for African immigrant women: one-on-one counseling (Dada Kwa Dada) and group sessions (DADA). The goal was to see which approach increases condom use and PrEP uptake. 149 HIV-negative women from the Boston and New York areas took part…

This study tested three different daily doses of the HIV prevention pill PrEP in 54 pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa. The goal was to find the dose that gives the best protection without harming the mother or baby. Researchers measured drug levels in the blood and tracked any…

This study tested a combination HIV prevention approach for 120 men in Kisumu, Kenya, who had recently exchanged sex for money or goods. Participants took daily PrEP pills and received real-time feedback from a urine test, HIV self-test kits, and text reminders. The goal was to s…

This study looked at whether offering HIV self-testing with online supervision helps young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Ho Chi Minh City get tested more often. One hundred participants aged 16-29 either used the supervised self-test or answered a simple yes/no about past te…

This study tested whether sending supportive messages and information through WhatsApp could encourage men who have sex with men in Mumbai and Thane, India, to get tested for HIV and connect with preventive services like counseling or PrEP. Over 1,000 men took part, and the progr…

This study tested an experimental oral drug called MK-8527, taken once a month, to see if it is safe and how it works in the body for HIV prevention. 352 HIV-negative adults at low risk for infection participated. The main goals were to check for side effects and measure drug lev…

This study tested whether a program designed specifically for women who use drugs could help them reduce their risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. 501 women were randomly assigned to receive either standard counseling, standard counseling plus a well-woman exam, …

This pilot study tested whether giving the HIV prevention pill Descovy (PrEP) right at a syringe services program helps people stay HIV-negative. 90 adults who use the syringe program and tested negative for HIV took part. Researchers measured drug levels in blood to see if parti…

This study tested two strategies to prevent HIV among young couples (ages 18-30) in Cape Town who use alcohol or drugs. One strategy was a community workshop to reduce stigma around HIV and drug use. The other was a couples program that provided HIV testing and counseling to help…

This study adapted and tested a community-based HIV prevention program for people who inject drugs along the U.S.-Mexico border. Researchers worked with 840 participants to understand how violence and stigma affect HIV risk and to offer testing, peer support, and community events…

This study tested whether offering a $25 to $40 incentive would encourage more African American, Latina, and low-income women to get tested for HIV. Over 300 women were randomly assigned to receive either standard referral and education or the same plus a monetary reward for test…

This completed trial tested a digital program called LuvHub for male couples. The program includes modules on HIV/STI prevention, communication, and relationship goals. Over 16 months, 778 couples used the tool to create personalized prevention plans and agreements. The study mea…

This study tested a package of services to help adolescent girls and young women in Zambia get regular HIV testing, prevention, and treatment. The program included education sessions, youth clubs, and special clinics offering integrated care. Over 2,000 girls aged 10–20 took part…

This study looked at whether a three-drug HIV pill called Delstrigo can prevent HIV infection when taken for 28 days after a possible exposure. About 400 adults who came to the emergency room after a potential HIV contact took the pill daily. Researchers tracked how many complete…

This large phase 3 trial tested whether a daily statin (pitavastatin) can reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular events in adults with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy. Over 7,700 participants from multiple countries took either the statin or a p…

This study looked at whether high-intensity interval training (short bursts of hard exercise) can improve physical function and reduce fatigue in adults aged 50-80 living with HIV who are sedentary and tired. Participants were randomly assigned to either high-intensity training o…

This study tested an online program called ORCHID that helps people with HIV feel more positive emotions. The goal was to see if it could reduce depression and improve HIV care. 29 adults from Chicago clinics took part. The program was designed to be used on a phone or computer.

This study looked at whether a 16-week program of aerobic and resistance exercise could improve physical function and reduce inflammation in HIV-infected veterans aged 50 and older. Thirty-three participants completed the program, and researchers measured changes in heart and mus…

This study tested whether two short training sessions on resilience and medication adherence could improve the quality of life for 130 HIV-positive mothers and their children in China. The training focused on coping skills, stigma management, and communication. Researchers measur…

This study tested an 8-week group program that uses Buddhist principles and cognitive behavioral therapy to help people with HIV in Myanmar cope with stigma. Nineteen participants joined group discussions led by a trained facilitator. The goal was to see if the program could redu…

This study tested whether a 12-week group therapy program based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is practical and well-liked by older adults (50+) living with HIV. The program teaches skills to manage stress related to aging and HIV, and encourages healthy habits like physic…

This study tested whether a non-invasive brain stimulation technique called TMS could reduce smoking cravings and attention to cigarette cues in people living with HIV/AIDS. Four participants received either real or sham TMS sessions. The goal was to see if TMS could help them fo…

This completed study tested a 16-session online therapy program for transgender and gender-diverse adults in Romania who had symptoms of depression or anxiety. The therapy was designed to address stress related to discrimination and lack of affirming healthcare, and also included…

This study followed 1,377 people living with HIV in Liberia over three years to track how the disease progresses and affects their health. Researchers collected blood and urine samples, conducted physical exams, and asked about medications and risk behaviors. The goal was to gath…

This study tested a document called Voicing My CHOiCES, designed to help young adults (ages 18-39) with serious illnesses like cancer or HIV discuss their care preferences. Participants filled out questionnaires about anxiety, social support, and communication, then reviewed the …

This study looked at 200 people living with HIV in Liberia to compare two tests for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection: a blood test (IGRA) and a skin test (TST). The goal was to see which test works better in this population. Participants had a skin test and their results were c…

This study looked at how two types of exercise—high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate exercise—affect sleep and inflammation in 52 older adults with HIV. Participants exercised three times a week for 16 weeks. Researchers measured sleep quality through su…

This study collected tissue samples from the tonsils, lymph nodes, bowel, and lungs of HIV patients and healthy volunteers. The goal was to measure the amount of virus and certain immune cells in these tissues during treatment. By comparing samples, researchers hoped to learn mor…

This study looked at 777 people with HIV in Brazil who failed their first treatment with tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir. Researchers wanted to understand what types of drug resistance and virus subtypes were involved. The goal is to improve treatment choices for people i…

This study looked at how people living with HIV in rural Uganda experience stigma, including feelings of shame, loss of self-respect, and mistreatment by others. Researchers surveyed 180 adults to understand these experiences better. The goal was to gather information, not to pro…

This study looked at 315 HIV-positive adults to build models that predict fatty liver disease and liver scarring. Researchers used ultrasound and FibroScan tests to track liver changes over time. The goal was to better understand and identify liver problems early in people living…

This study looked at how not having enough healthy food (food insecurity) can lead to insulin resistance in people living with HIV. Researchers tested a community-based "food as medicine" program that provided healthy food and taught cooking and self-care skills. The goal was to …

This study tested a streamlined HIV care approach for pregnant and postpartum women and their infants at a hospital in Kenya. The goal was to see if offering simpler, more flexible services could reduce clinic wait times and keep mothers and babies healthy. Researchers tracked vi…

This first-in-human study tested a single dose of LP-98 injection in 36 healthy adults to see if it is safe and how the body processes it. Participants received either LP-98 or a placebo by injection under the skin or into a vein. The study is complete, but it only looked at safe…

This completed study looked at 172 people with and without HIV to understand why those with HIV have a higher risk of diabetes. Researchers examined fat tissue and immune cells to see if chronic immune activation in fat contributes to insulin resistance. The goal was to learn how…

This study followed 384 people with HIV who were already taking the medication TAF. Researchers used a special blood test to measure how well participants were taking their pills and whether that predicted if the virus stayed under control. The goal was to see if this test could …

This completed study looked at 227 people with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy. Researchers examined their oral health—including cavities, gum disease, and dry mouth—and checked for links to metabolic problems and ongoing inflammation. The goal was to understand if poor ora…

This study tested a new urine-based rapid test (UTRA) that checks if people with HIV are taking their medication tenofovir as prescribed. The goal is to catch adherence problems early, before the virus level in blood rises. Researchers compared the urine test results with blood d…

This study tested simple toolkits to encourage women living with HIV in Ghana to collect their own samples for HPV testing, which can help prevent cervical cancer. About 108 women took part, and the researchers checked if they completed and returned the self-sampling kit or got a…

This study tested a 5-month group program called Sweekar to reduce stigma and increase HIV testing and medication adherence among transgender and gender-diverse adults in Nepal. 31 participants joined group sessions to address social stigma and HIV prevention needs. The study mea…

This study looked at how five common HIV drugs enter breast milk in 20 healthy women who were finishing breastfeeding. The goal was to find out if the drug levels could be too high (risking infant side effects) or too low (risking drug resistance if the baby gets HIV). Participan…

This completed Phase 1 trial from Johns Hopkins University enrolled 13 transgender women to see how the HIV prevention drug Truvada interacts with feminizing hormones like estrogen. Participants took Truvada alone and then with added hormones or a testosterone blocker. The goal w…

This completed study tested whether giving families of children with long-term illnesses (like cancer, heart disease, or premature birth) a tablet computer with a special app helps them manage care at home. Researchers measured satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, and how well famil…

This study followed 450 transgender people (300 HIV-negative and 150 living with HIV) from community health centers in Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines for 24 months. Researchers tracked new HIV infections, mental health, and social factors like stigma and violence using su…

This study looked at how many hospital patients have undiagnosed HIV. Researchers offered a rapid finger-prick HIV test to 300 patients who had certain medical conditions or behaviors that increase HIV risk. The goal was to find hidden infections and understand how common they ar…

This study looked at whether giving extra training and support to staff at Boys and Girls Clubs helps them run teen sexual health programs better. About 900 youth aged 10-14 took part. The goal was to see if this support leads to better attitudes and behaviors around sex, pregnan…

This study tested whether a smartphone app called eWrapper could help young adults with HIV wear an alcohol biosensor for 30 days. Sixty-six participants in Florida used the app, which offered rewards and personalized feedback to encourage sensor use. The goal was to see if these…

This pilot study tested a three-session couple-based program for male couples where one partner has HIV and the other does not. The program focused on seeing HIV as a shared challenge, improving communication, and supporting each other. Researchers measured changes in quality of …

This study asked 36 women about their opinions and use of vaginal products designed to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Participants completed questionnaires about their sexual behavior and how often they would use such products. The goal was to gather insig…

This study followed about 1,900 pregnant women and their babies for two years to see how HIV and the medication dolutegravir affect weight gain and overall metabolic health. Researchers compared women with HIV to those without, and also looked at differences between women who sta…

This completed study offered free rapid testing for HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C to Ukrainian refugees in Bratislava, Slovakia. Over 660 adults were tested at a health center and a community health day. The goal was to measure how common these infections are in this migra…

This study developed and tested a digital intervention for pregnant unmarried adolescents aged 15-19 living with HIV in Kenya. The app uses stories and lessons to help them understand stigma, build confidence to disclose their HIV and pregnancy status to family, and seek support.…

This study followed 56 people with HIV who had never taken HIV medication before. Researchers measured changes in body fat, heart function, and blood vessel health after starting treatment. The goal was to understand how HIV therapy might affect long-term heart and metabolic risk…

This study looked at 320 people with HIV in Chile to understand why they often develop health problems like heart disease and diabetes, even when their HIV is controlled with medication. Researchers collected blood samples and used advanced techniques to measure inflammation and …

This study tested a new communication strategy to encourage HIV testing in Uganda. The messages focused on how HIV testing can help people maintain stable relationships and have healthy families, especially with the availability of PrEP. Over 7,600 people receiving antenatal care…

This study tested an online training program for HIV care providers to help them better address stigma and medical mistrust with their Black and Latino patients. 59 providers participated in a pilot study to see if the training was acceptable and feasible. The goal was to improve…

This study looked at how well the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine triggers an immune response in 196 adults with weakened immune systems (due to conditions like kidney transplant, cancer, or HIV) compared to healthy adults. Researchers measured antibody levels and their ability to neutra…

This study followed 215 people newly diagnosed with HIV in Hong Kong to see how often they developed non-AIDS conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, bone thinning, and kidney problems. Participants were on different anti-retroviral regimens, and researchers compared the r…

This study aimed to understand the barriers to treating high blood pressure in people living with HIV in South Africa and to design a better care program. Researchers gathered input from healthcare workers and patients at nine clinics to create a practical intervention. The goal …

This study tested whether an online mindfulness program is practical and well-liked by young gay, bisexual, and queer men who are at risk for HIV. About 60 participants were randomly assigned to either the mindfulness program or a control group. The main goal was to see if the pr…

This study looked at over 1,100 people with HIV whose dolutegravir-based treatment stopped working. Researchers collected blood samples to find drug-resistance mutations in the virus. The goal is to understand why some treatments fail and how to better manage HIV in the future.

This study tested an online mindfulness program called Mindfulness-Based Queer Resilience (MBQR) for young gay, bisexual, and queer men at risk for HIV. Nineteen participants joined a nine-week group program to learn meditation and stress-reduction skills. The goal was to see if …

This study tested a program called CJC-TraC, where a nurse case manager helps incarcerated individuals with HIV, hepatitis C, or substance use disorder prepare for release and connect to community healthcare. The program involved up to 4 in-person or telehealth visits before rele…

This study tested a new gender-affirming program called STARS for transgender women who have experienced intimate partner violence. The goal was to see if it could help reduce HIV risk and improve safety. Thirty-seven participants were randomly assigned to either the STARS progra…

This study tested a play (ethnodrama) designed to reduce stigma around PrEP, a daily pill that prevents HIV, for young women in Kenya. Researchers asked 63 people—including young women, their partners, peers, healthcare workers, and community leaders—whether the play's storylines…

This study tested a training program for labor and delivery providers in Tanzania to reduce HIV stigma during childbirth. The training used simulations and hands-on learning to help providers offer more respectful care. Researchers compared how women rated their care before and a…

This study looked at how smoking cannabis affects balance, walking, and attention in 25 older women, some with HIV and some without. Participants smoked either a low-THC cannabis cigarette or a placebo, then did walking and thinking tests. The goal was to understand why cannabis …

This completed study tested a tablet-based screening system for substance use, depression, and anxiety in over 10,000 HIV-positive adults during routine clinic visits. Patients who screened positive were offered behavioral treatments like motivational interviewing and cognitive b…

This study looked at whether having emergency department nurses go through a real HIV test and counselling could improve their knowledge about HIV testing and reduce stigma toward people with HIV. About 74 nurses from a hospital in Taipei, Taiwan took part. Half received the hand…

This study tested whether training health care workers in resilience and anti-stigma techniques could improve HIV care. Over 28,000 people living with HIV in Mozambique were involved. The goal was to reduce burnout and negative behavior among providers, which often leads patients…

This completed study looked at 171 people with HIV to see if insomnia makes pain worse and increases inflammation. Participants wore sleep trackers, kept sleep diaries, and underwent pain tests. The goal was to understand if poor sleep drives pain and inflammation, which could ma…

This study tested a program called Elimisha HPV, designed to reduce stigma and increase cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV in Kenya. The program included simple educational scripts, a video addressing fears, and peer support. Nearly 1,000 women participated, an…

This completed study tested whether using genetic information and measuring drug levels in the blood can help doctors choose the right dose of HIV medications (efavirenz or atazanavir) for each patient. 190 adults starting HIV treatment for the first time took part across four si…