National Cancer Institute (nci)

This study tested a new treatment for a fast-growing brain cancer called glioblastoma that does not respond well to standard chemotherapy. It compared the usual treatment (radiation plus chemo) to radiation plus two immunotherapy drugs (ipilimumab and nivolumab) that help the imm…

This study tested whether adding the drug sorafenib to the standard drug cetuximab could help control advanced head and neck cancer that had come back or spread. Fifty-five adults with this type of cancer took part. The main goal was to see how long the cancer stayed under contro…

This study tested whether adding immunotherapy (dinutuximab plus immune-stimulating drugs) to standard treatment improves outcomes for children with high-risk neuroblastoma after a stem cell transplant. About 1,400 children participated. The goal was to see if the combination the…

This early-phase study tested whether combining two drugs—durvalumab and vicineum—could safely help people with a high-grade bladder cancer that hadn't spread to muscle but returned after standard BCG treatment. Fifteen adults received the drugs for up to two years. The main goal…

This study tested three different combinations of immunotherapy drugs in 59 adults with castration-resistant prostate cancer or other advanced solid tumors. The goal was to see if the combinations could shrink tumors or lower PSA levels (a marker of prostate cancer) and to check …

This early-phase study tested a combination of two drugs—veliparib and temozolomide—in 66 adults with acute leukemias that had come back or not responded to standard treatment. The goal was to find the safest dose and see how well the combo worked. Veliparib blocks a DNA repair e…

This early-phase study tested a combination of two drugs, sapanisertib and ziv-aflibercept, in 83 adults with advanced solid tumors that had spread or could not be removed by surgery. The goal was to find the safest dose and understand side effects. The drugs work by blocking sig…

This study tested a treatment for people with colorectal cancer that has spread to the liver. A small pump placed under the skin delivers chemotherapy directly to the liver through an artery. The goal was to see if this approach could shrink liver tumors and help patients live lo…

This study tested a combination of two drugs, olaparib and ramucirumab, in 51 people with advanced stomach or gastroesophageal junction cancer that had spread or come back. The goal was to find the safest dose and see if the combo could shrink tumors or slow the disease. While no…

This study tested whether adding the targeted drug trastuzumab to standard chemoradiation helps people with a specific type of esophageal cancer (HER2-positive). 203 patients took part. The goal was to see if the combination delays cancer return or spread. Results help guide trea…

This study tested a new treatment for children and young adults (ages 1–39) with leukemia or lymphoma that did not respond to standard therapy. The treatment involved taking a patient's own white blood cells, modifying them in a lab to target a protein called CD22 on cancer cells…

This study tested whether adding total body irradiation (TBI) to standard chemotherapy before giving patients their own lab-grown immune cells could improve outcomes for metastatic melanoma. 102 adults with advanced skin cancer were randomly assigned to receive either chemotherap…

This study tested whether giving a second round of radiation is safe for people whose glioblastoma brain tumor came back after standard treatment. Seventeen adults aged 18 to 50 received daily radiation for 2 to 3 weeks. The goal was to find the highest dose that doesn't cause se…

This study tested whether using PET/CT scans during treatment to adjust radiation doses can better target tumors and spare healthy tissue in people with stage III non-small cell lung cancer. 138 participants received either standard radiation or a personalized, adaptive approach.…

This study tested the safety and effectiveness of the drug pomalidomide for people with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a condition where donor immune cells attack the recipient's body after a stem cell transplant. The trial included 34 adults whose GvHD did not improve…

This early-phase trial tested a new drug called TdCyd in 27 adults with advanced solid tumors that had stopped responding to standard treatments. The goal was to check the drug's safety and find the best dose. TdCyd works by turning back on genes that may slow tumor growth. Parti…

This study tested a new combination of three drugs (VIP152, venetoclax, and prednisone) in 8 adults with aggressive blood cancers like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that had returned or not responded to prior treatments. The goal was to find a safe dose and see if the combination…

This study tested whether adding the immunotherapy drug atezolizumab to standard chemotherapy and targeted therapy (paclitaxel, trastuzumab, pertuzumab) helps people with HER2-positive breast cancer that has spread. 190 adults with advanced or metastatic disease took part. The go…

This study tested a new treatment for cancers caused by HPV-16, such as cervical, throat, and anal cancers. Researchers took patients' own white blood cells, added genes to help them recognize and attack cancer cells with the HPV E7 protein, and infused them back. The goal was to…

This study looked at whether a 12-week physical activity program could improve memory and attention in children ages 8–17 who had radiation for a brain tumor at least 2 years ago. Participants were split into two groups: one started the exercise program right away, the other afte…

This study collected blood and tumor tissue from 64 people with advanced or treatment-resistant cancers. Researchers stored these samples to study how genes affect cancer growth and response to therapy. No new treatment was given; the goal was to build a resource for future resea…

This study collected blood and urine samples from nearly 1,900 male farmers over age 50 to see if pesticide exposure is linked to early signs of blood cancers like multiple myeloma. Participants had no cancer at the start. The goal was to understand how pesticides might trigger t…

This study looked at people with rare genetic conditions that affect the body's ability to repair DNA, including xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. Researchers collected samples like skin and blood to study how DNA repair problems relate to health …

This study followed 377 people from families with a strong history of breast or ovarian cancer. Researchers collected genetic samples, medical records, and survey data to learn how these cancers develop and who is most at risk. No treatment was given; the goal was to better under…

This study tested a document called Voicing My CHOiCES, designed to help young adults (ages 18-39) with cancer or other serious illnesses talk about their end-of-life care wishes. Participants filled out surveys about anxiety, social support, and communication, then reviewed the …

This study collected saliva samples and medical history from 266 Hispanic/Latino women with breast cancer. The goal was to learn more about how common BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are in this group. No treatment was given—the focus was on gathering information to help future re…

This study looked at whether pesticides in homes or farms increase the risk of childhood leukemia. Researchers collected dust samples from carpets and mapped nearby crops for 629 children. The goal was to see if certain chemicals are linked to higher leukemia rates.

This study aimed to understand why esophageal cancer is so common in Iran's Golestan Province. Researchers enrolled about 50,000 adults aged 40 to 75 from the region. Participants answered lifestyle and diet questions and provided blood, urine, hair, and nail samples. The goal wa…

This study looked at 466 women aged 40-65 who had a breast biopsy to understand why dense breast tissue increases cancer risk. Researchers collected mammograms, tissue samples, and health data over 10 years. The goal was to learn what makes breast tissue dense and why it may lead…