INSULIN RESISTANCE

This completed pilot study tested whether transferring gut bacteria from lean donors or from people who had gastric bypass surgery could improve metabolism in 29 obese adults with prediabetes or diabetes. Participants received fecal transplants, and researchers measured changes i…

This study looks at whether using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) alongside standard nutrition and activity advice can improve metabolic health in young people aged 11 and older who have prediabetes and are overweight. Participants wear the CGM intermittently to see how daily …

This study tested whether taking phytosterols (plant-based supplements) for 3 months can improve liver health, cholesterol, and insulin levels in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 27 participants took either phytosterol pills or a placebo. Researchers measured…

This study looked at whether a low-carb, high-fat ketogenic diet with fewer calories can reduce inflammation and improve blood sugar control in prediabetic obese adults aged 18 to 40. Ninety participants were split into three groups: a keto diet, a normal diet with fewer calories…

This study looked at how well adults with obesity or complicated overweight could stick to different very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) in a real-world clinic. Participants chose one of four diet plans, ranging from all-natural foods to all meal replacements, and followed a…

This study tested whether a 6-week mindfulness program could help teens at risk for type 2 diabetes by reducing depression and insulin resistance. 120 teens aged 12-17 with overweight, a family history of diabetes, and elevated depression symptoms took part. They were randomly as…

This study tested whether taking a daily Cistanche deserticola supplement along with moderate aerobic exercise (40 minutes, 3 times a week for 18 weeks) could improve body composition, insulin resistance, and inflammation in men aged 50-55 with central obesity. 125 men were rando…

This study tested whether taking chromium picolinate daily for 24 weeks could reduce the severity of acanthosis nigricans (dark, thick skin patches) and improve insulin resistance in adolescents aged 12 to 18. Researchers compared the supplement to a placebo in 90 participants. T…

This study looked at 192 women with PCOS to see which treatment works best for improving insulin resistance and other symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned to take metformin, inositol, follow a calorie-restricted diet, or combine all three for 12 weeks. The goal was to fi…

This study looked at whether eating honey every day could help obese women with insulin resistance, a condition that can lead to diabetes. Twenty women took part, consuming honey or a sugar-based alternative for a set period. Researchers measured blood sugar, insulin, and other h…

This study looked at whether eating only between certain hours (a 10-hour window each day) and choosing foods that are less calorie-dense (fewer calories per bite) can help older adults with obesity and insulin resistance. Forty participants followed this eating pattern, and rese…

This study tested whether inositol, a natural dietary supplement, can lower high testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 154 women took either a placebo or one of three doses of inositol powder for a set period. Researchers measured changes in testoste…

This study tested whether amiloride, a drug that blocks sodium channels, can improve artery stiffness and blood vessel function in people who are overweight and insulin resistant. 137 men and women (pre- and postmenopausal) took either amiloride or a placebo daily for 6 months. T…

This study looked at whether eating sorghum rice instead of white rice for one week could improve health in people with prediabetes. Twenty-six police officers with prediabetes took part. Half ate sorghum rice, and half ate white rice. The researchers measured changes in a hormon…

This study tested whether the drug metformin can improve fertility-related hormones and reduce inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 110 women with PCOS took metformin for 8 weeks and provided blood samples and symptom reports. The goal was to see if metfor…

This study looked at whether a type of talk therapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy) could improve how the body uses insulin in teenage girls at risk for type 2 diabetes. The 147 participants were girls aged 12-17 with depressive symptoms and a family history of diabetes. The thera…

This study tested whether 12 weeks of circuit training (combining strength and endurance exercises) could improve insulin sensitivity and blood vessel function in women with insulin resistance. Forty-nine women aged 25-45 participated, with some doing the circuit training three t…

This study tested whether adding a mangosteen supplement to standard diabetes drugs (sitagliptin/metformin) improves blood sugar control in 47 adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants took either the standard drugs alone or with mangosteen for 12 weeks. Researchers measured chan…

This study looked at whether taking fish oil and doing high-intensity interval training (HIIT) could lower inflammation in people who are overweight or obese. Researchers measured changes in blood markers of inflammation and metabolism over 10 weeks. The goal was to see if the co…

This completed Phase 2 trial tested whether colchicine, an anti-inflammatory drug, can improve insulin resistance in 152 adults and adolescents with obesity. Participants took either colchicine or a placebo daily for 12 weeks. The study measured changes in insulin resistance and …

This study looked at whether two simple, low-cost blood-fat indexes (TGI and TGI-BMI) can accurately detect insulin resistance, compared to the standard HOMA-IR test that requires a fasting insulin measurement. Researchers analyzed data from 150 adults without diabetes medication…

This study tested whether daily text messages and small financial rewards could motivate overweight teens and young adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes to be more physically active. 75 participants wore a Fitbit and received different combinations of texts and incentives o…

This study tested whether drinking a carbohydrate beverage two hours before cardiac surgery could lower insulin resistance, a condition that can raise blood sugar and slow recovery. Fifty adults undergoing heart surgery were randomly assigned to receive either a maltodextrin drin…

This study looked at how a diabetes medicine called ertugliflozin affects fat tissue around the heart. Researchers took fat samples from 61 adults with type 2 diabetes and heart disease during heart surgery. They tested the fat in a lab to see if the drug improved how the fat cel…

This completed study looked at risk factors for diabetes and heart disease in 146 healthy African, African-American, and white women who were federal employees or contractors. Researchers compared things like triglyceride levels and insulin resistance to see if the best screening…

This completed study looked at 1759 adults aged 18-55 to uncover why some people develop type 2 diabetes. Researchers measured how the body handles sugar, uses energy, and stores fat, and also collected genetic samples. The goal was to find genetic and lifestyle factors that lead…

This study looked at how not having enough healthy food (food insecurity) can lead to insulin resistance in people living with HIV. Researchers tested a community-based "food as medicine" program that provided healthy food and taught cooking and self-care skills. The goal was to …

This study looked at 115 adults with prediabetes to understand why different people develop the condition. Researchers tested how each person's body responds to different foods, aiming to create personalized diet plans that prevent diabetes. The goal was to find biological marker…

This study looked at how drinking beverages with different sweeteners—low-calorie sucralose, refined sugar, or natural fruit juice—affects blood sugar control and gut health in healthy adults. Over three weeks, 42 participants drank one type of sweetened drink daily. Researchers …

This study looked at whether 3 weeks of alternate-day fasting (eating normally one day, fasting the next) changes how the heart uses fuel compared to a typical Western diet. Sixteen overweight adults aged 55-70 with insulin resistance underwent PET scans and lab tests after each …

This study looked at whether a protein called IRAP, found in the blood, can be used as a marker for insulin sensitivity (how well the body uses insulin). Researchers measured IRAP levels in 21 healthy adults during a special test called a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, which …

This study looked at whether the diabetes drug metformin can slow aging in people without diabetes. Researchers wanted to see if the drug's effects depend on whether a person is insulin sensitive or insulin resistant. Over 12 weeks, 101 adults aged 40-75 took either metformin or …

This completed early-phase study tested different doses of fatty acids (Intralipid) in 9 healthy volunteers to find the dose that causes mild insulin resistance. The goal was to create a reliable model for future diabetes research. Participants received low or medium doses of fat…

This study looked at how two different nutritionally balanced diets affect insulin levels and other markers of metabolic health in 52 adults who are overweight or at risk for diabetes. Participants followed each diet while maintaining their weight, and researchers measured change…

This study measured levels of a protein called betatrophin in 90 adolescent girls with and without PCOS. Researchers wanted to see if betatrophin is linked to insulin resistance and body weight in PCOS. The goal was to better understand the metabolic problems that often come with…

This study looked at how low oxygen levels (hypoxia) in people with obstructive sleep apnea affect the body's ability to use insulin. Researchers measured insulin resistance in the liver and fat tissue of 48 non-diabetic adults. The goal was to understand why some sleep apnea pat…

This study aims to create a new algorithm that uses continuous glucose monitoring to assess insulin resistance in real time for critically ill patients. Current methods are often invasive or impractical in the ICU. Researchers will analyze data from 179 patients to see if this ne…

This study looked at how certain immune cells (eosinophils) interact with fat tissue in people with obesity and insulin resistance. Four participants had fat biopsies and blood tests to measure immune cells and markers of inflammation. The goal was to better understand these inte…

This study examined the relationship between metabolic syndrome and vitamin D levels in 549 older adults (65+). Researchers collected health questionnaires and blood samples to understand how these factors are connected. The goal was to gather knowledge, not to test a treatment.

This small study looked at whether sourdough bread made with a longer fermentation time (which increases natural acids) could lower blood sugar spikes in adults with prediabetes. Five participants ate different sourdough breads and had their blood sugar measured afterward. The go…

This completed Phase 1 study from Columbia University enrolled 18 overweight or obese adults with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Researchers used a technique called a pancreatic clamp to carefully control insulin levels and measure how blood sug…

This completed study looked at whether the brain's central clock (the suprachiasmatic nucleus) works differently in people with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Researchers used advanced MRI scans to measure brain activity over 24 hours in 28 obese adults with varying insul…

This study tested whether a drug called diazoxide, which lowers high insulin levels, can help researchers understand how fatty liver disease develops. Twenty-four adults with overweight or obesity and insulin resistance took either a low or high dose of diazoxide or a placebo for…

This study looked at whether immune cells from healthy people can affect how the body responds to insulin. Researchers took blood samples from 30 volunteers and tested how their immune cells influenced insulin signaling in liver cells in the lab. The goal was to better understand…

This study looked at whether sleeping longer can improve how the body processes sugar in people with obesity. About 30 participants who slept less than 7 hours a night were split into two groups: one tried to sleep more, the other kept their usual habits. Researchers measured cha…

This study looks at whether drinking orange juice every day can help overweight women become more sensitive to insulin, a hormone that controls blood sugar. Thirty-six women will drink either orange juice or a sugary orange drink for three months. Researchers will measure insulin…

This study looked at how different types of trans fats—one from dairy products and one from processed foods—affect insulin resistance in obese women. Sixty-six participants were given special diets to compare the effects. The goal was to understand if natural trans fats are less …

This study from the Mayo Clinic looked at how resistance exercise (like weight lifting) improves insulin sensitivity and muscle health in people with insulin resistance and obesity. 58 participants aged 50-75 completed a 3-month exercise program. Researchers measured changes in m…

This study looked at whether a blood marker called PTX3 can predict how well people do after gastric bypass surgery. Researchers followed 23 patients for 6 months after surgery, measuring weight loss, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The goal was to see if PTX3 levels before…

This study examined blood samples and physical measurements from 158 adults aged 55-69 to see if certain immune system patterns are linked to insulin resistance, a condition that can lead to diabetes. Researchers measured various immune cells and markers to find a profile that co…

This study looks at how one session of moderate-to-hard walking or jogging changes the brain's response to insulin in adults aged 40 to 80 who are overweight or obese. Researchers will use MRI scans to measure brain insulin sensitivity and also test memory, thinking, and heart he…

This study tested whether a personalized lifestyle program could be run in a family medicine clinic for people with insulin resistance and related conditions like obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Forty participants were randomly assigned to start with either nutrition …

This completed study looked at how physical fitness influences the way children (ages 8-17) process a high-fat meal. Fifteen kids drank a high-fat shake, and researchers measured how well their bodies broke down fats. The goal was to see if fitter children handle fatty meals bett…

This study looked at how different exercise intensities affect ghrelin, a hormone that controls hunger, in 40 adults with obesity or prediabetes. Participants cycled on a stationary bike while researchers measured ghrelin levels, appetite, and blood vessel function. The goal was …

This completed study looked at 70 adolescent girls with PCOS and 40 healthy teens to see if vitamin D levels are linked to metabolic problems like insulin resistance. Researchers measured vitamin D, blood sugar, cholesterol, and belly fat thickness using ultrasound. The goal was …

This study looked at how not getting enough sleep changes hormones like cortisol and testosterone, and whether that leads to insulin resistance—a key step toward type 2 diabetes. Forty healthy men aged 22-45 took part. Researchers used drugs to mimic or block these hormone change…