Autoimmune disorder of musculoskeletal system

This study compares two treatment combinations for adults with psoriatic arthritis who did not get enough relief from methotrexate alone. One group will receive apremilast plus methotrexate, the other adalimumab plus methotrexate. Researchers will measure joint and skin disease a…

This trial tests an experimental drug called DDY391 in about 220 adults with moderate to severe psoriatic arthritis, a condition that causes joint pain, swelling, and skin patches. Researchers want to see whether DDY391 can reduce joint symptoms better than a placebo and at what …

This trial gives deucravacitinib, an oral drug that calms the immune system, to adults with lupus or Sjögren's disease and to children with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. Participants join after finishing an earlier study of the same drug, and the goal is to see how safe and t…

This 52-week study will compare three drugs—tocilizumab, telitacicept, and methotrexate—in 204 people with rheumatoid arthritis who also have interstitial lung disease. The main goal is to see which drug best improves lung function. Participants will continue their usual arthriti…

This trial tests whether adding nicorandil, a drug that widens blood vessels, to standard rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment can reduce the buildup of plaque in arteries. People with RA have a higher risk of atherosclerosis, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Researche…

This early-stage study tests whether a single infusion of a patient's own modified immune cells (CAR-T cells) is safe for people with severe autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma that haven't improved with standard treatments. Only 6 adults aged 18-…

This trial tests an experimental drug called PF-08154225 in people with autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, myositis, or scleroderma. The drug aims to calm the immune system, which mistakenly attacks healthy cells in these conditions. Participants receive the dr…

This early-phase study tests whether combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with specially engineered immune cells (CAR-T cells) is safe and can help control autoimmune diseases. About 30 adults with established autoimmune conditions will receive the treatment and be monitored f…

This study tests whether specially engineered immune cells, called CAR-T cells, can safely treat autoimmune diseases. The cells are designed to target and suppress B cells, which play a key role in many autoimmune conditions. The trial involves 30 adults and focuses on safety and…

This early-stage trial tests clonal fetal mesenchymal stem cells (cfMSCs) in 100 people with severe immune-related disorders or tissue damage. The goal is to see if the cells are safe and can reduce symptoms. Participants have no other treatment options left.

This trial is testing an experimental drug called PTC844 in people with active rheumatoid arthritis, a condition where the immune system attacks the joints, causing pain and swelling. The study aims to see if PTC844 is safe, how it moves through the body, and whether it can reduc…

This study is following people who receive a Tornier Perform™ Reversed MonoPost shoulder replacement to see how well it works and how safe it is. The implant is designed for patients with severe shoulder damage, such as from arthritis, fractures, or failed previous surgeries. Res…

This study tests a digital health program designed to support people with psoriatic arthritis in managing their condition. Participants use a mobile app for symptom tracking and lifestyle tips, plus tools for sleep, stress, and physical activity, along with a smartwatch. The goal…

This trial is testing an experimental drug called TLL-018 in adults with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis who haven't responded well to or couldn't tolerate standard treatments. Participants will receive either TLL-018 or a placebo for a period, and the study will measure …

This trial tests whether antiplatelet medications, specifically clopidogrel and aspirin, can reduce inflammation in the blood vessels of people with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. Participants take each drug or a placebo for four weeks, and researchers measure changes in infla…

This study tracks the safety of secukinumab, a biologic injection, in Indian adults with axial spondyloarthritis — a group of inflammatory conditions that cause back pain and stiffness. Over 16 weeks, researchers will monitor side effects and disease activity in about 60 particip…

This phase 1 trial tests an experimental cell therapy called LMY-922 (BAFF CAR-T cells) in people aged 16 to 75 with refractory autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, dermatomyositis, and systemic sclerosis. The therapy uses donor immune cells engineered to t…

This trial tests whether nicorandil, a drug currently used for heart conditions, can reduce disease activity and symptoms in people with rheumatoid arthritis. About 70 adults with moderate-to-severe RA will take either nicorandil or a placebo twice daily for three months, while c…

This phase 2 trial tests whether disulfiram, a drug already approved for alcohol use disorder, can safely reduce joint inflammation in people with rheumatoid arthritis who are overweight. Twenty adults with active arthritis despite standard treatment will take either disulfiram o…

This phase 2 trial tests an experimental oral drug called CBP-0276 in adults with active psoriatic arthritis, a condition causing joint pain, swelling, and skin plaques. Participants receive either a low dose (200 mg), a high dose (800 mg), or a placebo daily for 24 weeks. The ma…

This study investigates whether ginkgo biloba extract can improve outcomes for people with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis who are already on standard disease-modifying drugs. Participants take ginkgo biloba for 12 weeks, and researchers measure changes in inflammation ma…

This study tests an experimental oral drug called JAB-8263 in adults with active rheumatoid arthritis. The goal is to see if it is safe and can reduce joint inflammation and pain. Participants take the drug or a placebo every other day for 28 days. The trial is small and early-st…

This early study tests an experimental drug called STR-P005 in people with autoimmune diseases that have come back or not improved with standard treatments. The drug is given through an IV in multiple doses. The main goal is to check safety and see how the body handles the drug. …

This first-in-human study tests the safety of a new drug called HBM7020. It will first be given to healthy volunteers at low doses, then to people with moderate to severe autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and Sjögren's disease. The goal is to see …

This study tests whether freeze-dried fecal bacteria, given as oral capsules, can improve symptoms in 40 adults with active rheumatoid arthritis that hasn't responded to standard drugs. Participants will receive either the fecal transplant or a placebo for 24 weeks. The main goal…

This early-phase trial is testing whether stem cells from donated bone marrow (CG-BM1) are safe for people with ankylosing spondylitis, a chronic inflammatory arthritis. Forty adults aged 18 to 40 will receive either the stem cells or a placebo by IV once a week for four weeks. T…

This study will compare two drugs, tofacitinib and upadacitinib, added to standard methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. One hundred adults in Pakistan will take one of the two drugs daily for six months. Researchers will measure disease activity and side effects to se…

This early study tests a new drug called STR-P005 in 18 people with autoimmune diseases that have not responded to standard treatments. The main goal is to check safety and find the best dose. Participants receive the drug by infusion in different schedules, and researchers will …

This early study tests a new drug called MTM-H-001 in 75 adults with B-cell-related autoimmune diseases, including lupus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The main goal is to check safety and find the right dose. Participants receive the drug by injection, and resear…

This study compares two ways of giving the drug tocilizumab to people with rheumatoid arthritis that is under control. One method uses a fixed dose for everyone, while the other adjusts the dose based on weight. The goal is to see if the simpler fixed-dose method works just as we…

This early-phase trial tests a new stem cell treatment (HS_SW01) for people with ankylosing spondylitis, a type of arthritis that causes spine pain and stiffness. The study will include 18 adults aged 18 to 65. Researchers aim to check if the treatment is safe and if it helps red…

This early-phase study tests a new treatment called BEN301, which uses specially engineered immune cells (CAR-Tregs) to calm overactive immune responses in people with autoimmune diseases like scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory muscle disease. The trial wi…

This study tests whether adding venlafaxine, a common antidepressant, to standard rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment can better control disease activity. About 70 adults with moderate to severe RA who are already on stable medication will receive either venlafaxine or a placebo …

This study follows 150 adults with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis who have received the SetPoint System, an implanted device that uses nerve stimulation to control inflammation. Researchers will monitor device safety, ease of use, and how well it controls disease activit…

This Phase 4 trial tests ivarmacitinib, a once-daily pill, in 100 adults with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis who did not improve on standard drugs. The study will measure joint symptom improvement after 12 weeks and monitor safety. Ivarmacitinib works by blocking inflamm…

This study tests whether the drug upadacitinib can reduce how often people with axial spondyloarthritis (a type of arthritis affecting the spine) get sudden eye inflammation (acute anterior uveitis). About 200 adults who have had at least one eye flare in the past year will take …

This study tests an experimental drug called QLS12010 in 180 adults with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis. Participants are randomly assigned to receive different doses of the drug or a placebo for 12 weeks. The main goal is to see if the drug reduces joint swelling and te…

This study looks at whether baricitinib, a drug for rheumatoid arthritis, can improve blood clotting and cholesterol levels compared to standard treatments. About 100 adults with active RA will take baricitinib for 3 months. Researchers will measure changes in clotting markers an…

This early-stage study tests a single infusion of stem cells from donated umbilical cords in 16 adults with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis that hasn't improved with standard treatments. The main goal is to check safety and side effects over 52 weeks, while also looking f…

This Phase 2 trial tests whether adding a lab-made antibody called natrunix to standard methotrexate treatment helps people with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis who haven't improved enough on methotrexate alone. About 108 participants will receive weekly shots of either n…

This study tests whether semaglutide (Ozempic), a drug used for diabetes and weight loss, can slow the buildup of plaque in arteries of people with psoriatic arthritis who do not have diabetes. Forty participants will receive either semaglutide or no additional treatment for 24 w…

This study tests whether adding a very low dose of the steroid prednisolone (4 mg daily for 4 weeks, then tapering off) to standard treatment helps control symptoms in people newly diagnosed with active rheumatoid arthritis. About 112 adults will be randomly assigned to receive e…

This study compares two strategies for slowly reducing prednisolone (a steroid) in people with stable rheumatoid arthritis. One method splits a 5 mg tablet into halves, the other reduces by 1 mg at a time. Over six months, 206 participants will be followed to see which approach k…

This study tests whether a Mediterranean diet can lower disease activity and improve quality of life in 110 people with axial spondyloarthritis (a type of arthritis affecting the spine) who are already on biologic therapy. Participants will either follow a structured Mediterranea…

This study tests a new treatment using CD19 CAR T-cells for people with severe autoimmune diseases that haven't improved with standard therapies. About 30 participants will receive a single dose of these engineered immune cells after chemotherapy. The goal is to see if it's safe …

This study tests whether blood samples collected at home using small capillary devices, like finger pricks, give the same results as traditional blood draws from a vein. Researchers will compare both methods in about 1,000 people with chronic conditions such as kidney disease, au…

This study tests whether a newer ultrasound technique, shear wave elastography, can better detect inflammation at tendon and ligament attachment sites (entheses) in people with psoriatic arthritis compared to standard ultrasound. Researchers will compare imaging results from 60 p…

This study tests a special imaging agent (99mTc-NTP 15-5) to see if it can spot arthritis-damaged joints in the hands and tell the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. About 80 adults with one of these conditions will get a scan. The goal is to improve diag…

Rheumatoid arthritis and gout can look alike, making them hard to tell apart early. This study will use ultrasound to see if it can reliably distinguish between the two conditions. Researchers will examine 100 adults with suspected or confirmed arthritis, scoring joint inflammati…

This study will test a special ultrasound technique called shear-wave elastography to see if it can better detect tendon inflammation (enthesitis) in people with psoriatic arthritis. Researchers will compare this method with standard ultrasound and also look at how it relates to …

This study will test whether artificial intelligence can accurately tell the difference between inflammatory arthritis (like rheumatoid arthritis) and degenerative arthritis (like osteoarthritis) in people aged 60 and older. Researchers will compare the AI's analysis of X-rays, M…

This trial investigates whether annual re-screening for tuberculosis infection using a blood test (IGRA) can prevent active TB in people with autoimmune rheumatic diseases who are taking biologic or immunosuppressive medications. Participants who initially test negative for TB ar…

This study tests whether a single dose of amoxicillin before a simple tooth extraction can prevent infections in people with autoimmune rheumatic diseases who are on immune-suppressing medications. Researchers will compare infection rates between those who get the antibiotic and …

This trial tests whether adding a wearable postural biofeedback device to a standard exercise program can improve disease activity, pain, and function in people with axial spondyloarthritis, a type of inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine. Participants will do supervised exe…

This trial tests whether a new hand rehabilitation program, called SMART-HAND, can improve hand function, joint position sense, pain, and dexterity in people with rheumatoid arthritis. The program combines sensory training, massage, joint approximation, range-of-motion exercises,…

This trial tests whether a structured self-care education program can reduce joint stiffness and improve functional ability in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Participants are split into two groups: one receives the education program alongside usual care, while the other gets u…

This study tests whether adding an oral supplement (PEA) to a series of knee injections (adelmidrol and hyaluronic acid) can better reduce pain and improve function in people with knee arthritis. The injections aim to protect the joint from damage, while the supplement may help c…

This study tests whether an 8-week program of yoga and meditation delivered through a mobile app can reduce anxiety in adults with stable rheumatoid arthritis. About 100 participants will either use the app daily or continue with standard care. Researchers will measure changes in…

This study tests whether the drug vilamakitug can reduce symptoms of axial spondyloarthritis, a type of arthritis that causes back pain and stiffness. About 150 adults with active disease will receive either the drug or a placebo. The main goal is to see if more people get at lea…

This study looks at whether a drug called acemetacin can reduce pain and control disease activity in adults with active axial spondyloarthritis, a type of inflammatory arthritis that mainly affects the spine. About 150 people aged 18 to 65 will take a daily pill for 4 weeks. Rese…

This pilot study will test whether a nurse-led telehealth self-monitoring program is acceptable and practical for people with rheumatoid arthritis. 104 adults who recently had a flare or medication change will use a web platform to report symptoms monthly. A rheumatology nurse wi…

This study tests whether a structured progressive resistance training program can improve muscle strength in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). About 118 participants will either do supervised exercises 3 times a week for 6 weeks or continue their usual care. Researchers will…

This study tests whether a non-invasive brain stimulation technique called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can reduce chronic pain in people with psoriatic arthritis. Researchers will give 40 adults with low disease activity but ongoing pain either real rTMS o…

This study tests whether a mild electrical stimulation (called subthreshold stimulation) can reduce fatigue and improve leg muscle function in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers will also measure inflammation and daily function. The study will include 84 adults aged 30…

This study tests whether a 12-week program of high-intensity interval training and strength training can improve heart and metabolic health in people with psoriatic arthritis. Researchers will also measure changes in fitness, pain, fatigue, and quality of life. The trial plans to…

This study will test two non-drug approaches—pain neuroscience education and vagus nerve stimulation—against traditional exercise in 36 people with rheumatoid arthritis. The goal is to see which method best reduces pain, improves quality of life, and lowers inflammation over 8 we…

This study looks at whether combining resistance exercises with an anti-inflammatory diet can reduce pain, improve daily function, and boost quality of life in people with rheumatoid arthritis. About 100 adults with low to moderate disease activity will follow a structured progra…

This study tests whether an artificial intelligence system can create personalized exercise plans for people with rheumatoid arthritis. 147 patients with mild-to-moderate disease will be split into three groups: one using the AI system via a smartphone app, one using paper exerci…

This study tests a therapeutic education program designed to improve self-image and self-esteem in adults with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. Sixty participants will complete questionnaires and interviews before and after …

Researchers are testing whether people with rheumatoid arthritis have early, symptom-free kidney problems more often than healthy people of the same age and sex. The study compares kidney function and urine protein levels between 120 participants, including those with rheumatoid …

Researchers at Sohag University are studying 150 people with rheumatoid arthritis to see whether the Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) questionnaire can reliably detect disease flares. They will compare the questionnaire's performance with other standard disease activ…

Researchers at Sohag University are comparing levels of a long non-coding RNA called GAS5 and a blood protein called IL-6 in people with rheumatoid arthritis versus healthy individuals. The study will measure GAS5 expression in blood samples using a technique called qRT-PCR and c…

This study looks at whether a blood protein called asprosin is linked to metabolic syndrome and heart risk in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers will compare asprosin levels in three groups: rheumatoid arthritis patients with metabolic syndrome, those without it, and h…

Researchers at Assiut University are studying how psoriatic arthritis affects patients' daily lives and whether that impact matches clinical signs of disease activity. Adults with psoriatic arthritis will complete the Arabic version of the PsAID-12 questionnaire, which covers pai…

Researchers are measuring how often subclinical hypothyroidism, a mild form of underactive thyroid, occurs in people with rheumatoid arthritis compared to healthy people. They will also check whether this thyroid condition relates to higher disease activity or more severe joint i…

This study investigates whether certain measurements from a standard 12-lead ECG—QT dispersion, P-wave dispersion, and Tp-e dispersion—can help predict the risk of cardiac arrhythmias in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers will compare these ECG values between 120 rheum…

This study looks at whether two simple tests can spot early signs of heart disease in people under 50 who were recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The tests are a blood-based measure called the atherogenic index of plasma and an ultrasound of the neck arteries. The…

This study is building a biobank of blood samples and imaging data from 300 people with suspected inflammatory heart or autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Researchers aim to identify immune biomarkers that could predict major heart events like heart failure, stroke, or atrial fibrill…

This study looks at whether levels of a protein called 15-PGDH in the blood and joint fluid are linked to the severity of osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Researchers will measure 15-PGDH in about 51 adults with these conditions and compare it with ultrasound images and…

This study compares two ways of giving the same experimental biosimilar drug, DRL_AB, which is designed to work like abatacept for autoimmune conditions. Healthy male volunteers receive a single dose either through an autoinjector or a prefilled syringe. Researchers measure how m…

This study aims to learn which FDA-approved rheumatoid arthritis (RA) medication works best for each individual patient. Researchers will enroll 18 adults with newly diagnosed, moderately to severely active RA. Participants will try up to four different RA drugs in a random order…

This study will measure a protein called IL-41 in the blood of 90 people with ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis, plus healthy volunteers. Researchers want to see if higher levels of this protein are linked to more active disease. The goal is to find a simple blood tes…

This study tracks 30 people receiving a CATALYSTEM cementless hip implant to measure how much the stem moves (subsides) in the thigh bone over two years. Using specialized CT scans, researchers aim to see if the implant stays firmly in place, which is key for long-term success. P…

This study will check 45 adults with ankylosing spondylitis for peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage in the arms and legs) using nerve conduction tests. Researchers want to see if nerve problems are linked to higher disease activity, increased pain sensitivity, and worse quality o…

This study tests whether smartphone data and optional smartwatches can detect early signs of psoriatic arthritis in people with psoriasis. About 3,458 adults with psoriasis but no arthritis will use an app that passively collects phone data. The goal is to develop algorithms that…

This observational study follows 400 adults with psoriatic arthritis who are starting a new biologic or targeted synthetic drug as part of their routine care. Researchers want to see if treatment response differs based on how many prior advanced therapies a person has tried, and …

This observational study in Mexico will follow 30 adults already taking tirzepatide for conditions like diabetes or obesity. Researchers will use MRI scans of the knees, CT scans of the heart, and body composition tests to see how the drug affects cartilage, heart fat, and overal…

This study looks back at medical records of 3,500 adults who had a first-time knee replacement to compare different brands of knee implants. Researchers want to see which implant leads to better knee function, fewer complications, and lower costs over time. The goal is to help do…

This study will look at the health records of 350 people with psoriasis in Costa Rica to find out how many also have conditions like obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or psoriatic arthritis. Researchers want to understand how these problems relate to psoriasi…

This study will measure the activity of a gene called TNFAIP3 in 110 people with ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis. The goal is to see if the gene's expression is linked to how active the disease is. Researchers will use a blood test to check gene levels and compare t…

This study tests whether a smartphone app can help people with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, or psoriatic arthritis learn how to use their anti-rheumatic drugs more safely. About 144 adults will either use the app or receive standard care with a website. The goal is to…

This observational registry will follow 50 patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis who are receiving IL-23 inhibitors (guselkumab or risankizumab) as part of their routine care in Costa Rica. Researchers will track how well the drugs improve skin and joint symptoms and qua…

This study looks at how fear of movement (kinesiophobia) affects daily function in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers will compare 200 RA patients with 200 healthy volunteers to understand links between fear, pain, fatigue, mood, and muscle loss. The goal is to find no…

This observational study will measure levels of certain immune proteins (IL-17, IL-38, IL-41) and the HLA-B27 gene in 84 people with ankylosing spondylitis and a healthy control group. The goal is to see if these markers are linked to disease activity and severity. No treatment i…

This study aims to see if certain markers in the blood (CCR6 and CCL20) are linked to rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers will compare 60 adults with RA to healthy people. The goal is to learn more about the disease, not to test a new treatment.

This study will test a new way to offer vaccines to vulnerable patients—those with chronic diseases or weakened immune systems—during hospital visits. Researchers will see if offering, prescribing, and giving vaccines in the hospital increases how many people get vaccinated. The …

This study looks at a blood protein called FAP, which is linked to tissue scarring and inflammation. Researchers will measure FAP levels in people with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis, as well as healthy volunteers, and compare them with standard tests and lung functi…

This study will check if a protein called Tim-3 on certain white blood cells (neutrophils) is linked to disease activity in people with ankylosing spondylitis. Researchers will measure Tim-3 levels and compare them with inflammation markers and MRI scans of the hip and sacroiliac…

This study looks at a protein called isthmin-1 in the blood of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to healthy volunteers. Researchers want to see if higher levels of this protein match up with more active disease, as seen on ultrasound scans. The goal is to find a simp…

This study looks at how two different exercise programs—high-intensity intervals and moderate continuous activity—affect a blood marker called irisin, as well as disease activity, physical function, and quality of life in people with axial spondyloarthritis. About 75 adults with …

This study will measure harmful molecules called AGEs in 300 people with various rheumatic diseases (like rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis) and compare them to healthy volunteers. AGEs build up over time and can cause inflammation. Researchers will use a non-invasi…

This study will compare blood test results and ultrasound images of joints in 72 people with rheumatoid arthritis. Half are taking JAK inhibitors, and half are on traditional treatments. The goal is to see if certain blood markers can reliably show how active the disease is, whic…

This study looks at whether regular video calls with a lung specialist can help people in rural areas who have a rare lung disease linked to autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Ten adults will get care through a team that includes local doctors and a specialist at Ma…

This study follows 150 people at different risk levels for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to see what factors might lead to the disease. Participants provide blood, urine, stool, and saliva samples, and answer questions about their lifestyle. The goal is to identify triggers like smok…

This study follows 100 children aged 6 to 17 with juvenile psoriatic or enthesitis-related arthritis who are taking secukinumab. Researchers will observe how doctors adjust treatment after the disease becomes inactive, and whether patients experience flares. The goal is to learn …

This study looks at how two types of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drugs—anti-TNF-α and non-TNF-α—affect patients' aerobic capacity, muscle strength, fatigue, and heart disease risk factors. Researchers will measure oxygen use during exercise, muscle strength, and disease activity in…

This study looks at whether two substances in the blood, called MMP7 and MMP9, can help identify lung disease in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers will compare 81 participants: those with rheumatoid arthritis and lung disease, those with rheumatoid arthritis alone, an…

This study will collect health information, samples, and data from 100 people in Luxembourg (800 total across Europe) who have rheumatoid diseases and are starting or changing treatment. Researchers hope to find patterns that can predict which treatments work best for each person…

This study uses computer simulations to better understand how a subcutaneous (under-the-skin) form of the drug infliximab works in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis. Researchers will analyze data from previous trials to create a model that pred…

This observational study aims to assess the frequency and severity of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) and associated ocular surface changes in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases compared with healthy volunteers. Meibomian glands are specialized glands in the …