Rectal neoplasm

This phase 3 trial tests two different ways of using radiation before chemotherapy in people with stage III rectal cancer. One group gets a short course of radiation, the other gets standard chemoradiation, both followed by chemotherapy. The goal is to see if either approach can …

This study looks at whether a combination of radiation and chemotherapy can cure low rectal cancer, allowing patients to avoid surgery. About 108 people with early-stage rectal tumors near the anus will receive this treatment. The main goal is to see if the cancer stays under con…

This study tests whether giving a higher, targeted radiation dose to the main tumor and nearby lymph nodes can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 128 adults whose cancer has not spread beyond the pelvis will receive either standard radiation or…

This phase II trial compares a three-drug chemotherapy combination (FOLFIRINOX) against standard two-drug combos (FOLFOX or CAPOX) in 783 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The goal is to see if the stronger regimen leads to a complete disappearance of the tumor, poten…

This early-phase trial is testing a combination of chemotherapy (FOLFOX), an anti-angiogenic drug (bevacizumab), and two immunotherapies (botensilimab and balstilimab) in 20 patients with MSS metastatic colorectal cancer, a type that usually doesn't respond to immunotherapy. The …

This study tests whether giving two immunotherapy drugs (nivolumab and ipilimumab) along with a short course of radiation can completely eliminate advanced rectal cancer before surgery. About 31 adults with a specific genetic type (MSI-H/dMMR) of stage II or III rectal cancer wil…

This trial tests whether giving chemotherapy before or after standard chemoradiation improves outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. Participants receive either the standard approach (chemoradiation, surgery, then chemo) or a total neoadjuvant therapy approach w…

This phase 2 trial tests a new approach for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. Participants first receive a short course of radiation, followed by a combination of immunotherapy (sintilimab and IL-2) and chemotherapy (CAPOX). The goal is to see if this treatment can make…

This trial is testing whether a combination of chemotherapy drugs (liposomal irinotecan and capecitabine) plus radiation, given before surgery, can help people with locally advanced rectal cancer. The treatment plan is personalized based on a genetic marker (UGT1A1) that affects …

This study tests whether adding two targeted drugs (encorafenib and cetuximab) to standard immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) works better than immunotherapy alone for people with a specific genetic type of advanced colorectal cancer. About 107 participants with untreated, metastatic …

This study tests whether adding two immunotherapy drugs (atezolizumab and tiragolumab) after standard chemoradiation can help eliminate tumors in people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 58 participants will receive either the drug combination or atezolizumab alone befor…

This early-phase trial is testing a new way of giving radiation therapy (ultra-fractionated, short course) along with standard chemotherapy for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. The goal is to see if this combination can shrink the tumor enough to avoid surgery. The stu…

This phase 3 trial tests whether a new targeted drug (MRTX849) combined with cetuximab works better than standard chemotherapy for people with advanced colorectal cancer that has a specific KRAS G12C mutation. About 461 participants whose cancer worsened after first-line treatmen…

This early-stage study tests a new experimental drug called PF-07934040, taken as a pill, for people with advanced solid tumors that have a KRAS gene mutation. The trial includes patients with non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Researchers will …

This study is testing a robotic device that doctors use through the anus to remove benign growths (polyps, adenomas) from the rectum and sigmoid colon. The goal is to see if the device can remove the entire growth in one piece safely, without causing bleeding or a hole in the bow…

This study tests a new drug, SX-682, alone and with the immunotherapy nivolumab, in people with a specific type of advanced colorectal cancer that has spread or cannot be removed. The cancer must have a RAS mutation and be microsatellite stable (MSS), which often makes it harder …

This early-stage trial is testing a new oral drug called LY4066434, which blocks several types of KRAS proteins that drive cancer growth. The study includes up to 750 people with advanced pancreatic, lung, colorectal, or other solid tumors that have specific KRAS mutations. The d…

This study tests whether transplanting a person's own fecal bacteria into the bowel before ileostomy reversal can improve bowel and anal function after rectal cancer surgery. Participants receive four weekly enemas made from their own stool. The goal is to reduce symptoms like le…

This early-phase study tests whether giving healthy donor NK cells along with two medicines (vactosertib and IL-2) is safe and helps the cells stay active in people with advanced colorectal, stomach, esophageal, or blood cancers. The NK cells are meant to attack cancer, but the b…

This early-phase trial tests an experimental immunotherapy called ELI-002 7P in people with pancreatic or other solid tumors that have specific KRAS or NRAS gene mutations. The treatment aims to train the immune system to attack cancer cells. About 158 participants will receive t…

This trial tests whether giving chemotherapy before or after radiation therapy works better for people with locally advanced rectal cancer that has a high risk of coming back. Participants receive the same drugs (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) but in a different order. The goal is…

This phase II trial tests whether adding the immunotherapy drug nivolumab to the standard two-drug regimen (encorafenib and cetuximab) works better at shrinking tumors in people with a specific type of advanced colorectal cancer (BRAF-mutant, microsatellite stable). About 86 part…

This study tests whether adding an immunotherapy drug (tislelizumab) to standard chemoradiation before surgery can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 100 participants will receive the combination treatment, and researchers will measure how many…

This Phase III trial tests whether a modified short-course radiation that spares nearby lymph nodes, combined with chemotherapy (CAPOX) and the immunotherapy drug tislelizumab, works better than standard radiation plus chemotherapy for people with a certain type of rectal cancer …

This trial investigates whether less invasive treatments can save the rectum in people with early-stage rectal cancer. Participants receive either standard surgery (removing part of the rectum) or one of two organ-sparing approaches: short-course radiotherapy or chemoradiation (c…

This phase 2 trial is testing whether adjusting treatment based on risk level can improve outcomes for people with HIV who have anal cancer. Low-risk patients receive standard chemotherapy and radiation, while high-risk patients also get the immunotherapy drug nivolumab after sta…

This study tests whether a combination of two targeted drugs (encorafenib and cetuximab), given alone or with chemotherapy, works better than standard chemotherapy for people with a specific genetic form of advanced colorectal cancer (BRAF V600E mutation) that has spread and hasn…

This study tests a combination of two targeted drugs (encorafenib and cetuximab) plus an immunotherapy (nivolumab) in people with a specific type of advanced colorectal cancer (BRAF V600E mutation) that is stable (MSS) and has spread or can't be removed by surgery. The goal is to…

This study tests a combination of three drugs (cetuximab, LY3214996, and abemaciclib) in people with advanced colorectal cancer that has spread and no longer responds to standard therapy. The goal is to see if the combination can shrink tumors and improve survival. About 46 adult…

This phase II trial tests whether delivering chemotherapy directly into the liver (hepatic arterial infusion) along with standard IV chemo can shrink inoperable liver tumors from colorectal cancer enough to allow surgical removal. The study involves 64 participants whose cancer h…

This study tests four different tools—coaching, education, text messages, and health coaching—to help cancer survivors improve their diet, physical activity, and weight. About 350 adults who have completed treatment for several cancer types will use these tools for up to 48 weeks…

This early phase trial tests a biological product mix designed to train the immune system to recognize and kill CEA-positive rectal cancer cells. The study involves 20 participants with early-stage rectal cancer (Stage 0 to IIA) who have not yet developed symptoms or metastasis. …

This study tests whether a single immunotherapy drug, dostarlimab, can effectively treat people with a specific type of advanced rectal cancer (dMMR/MSI-H) that has not been treated before. About 154 participants will receive the drug and, if their cancer completely disappears, t…

This study tests whether eating 3-6 servings of fermented foods daily (like yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut) can improve how well cancer treatments work in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer or non-small cell lung cancer. The 39 participants are randomly assigned to eithe…

This study tests a treatment plan to avoid major surgery for early-stage rectal cancer. Patients first receive chemotherapy, then a small surgery to remove the tumor, followed by radiation and more chemo. The goal is to see if this approach can cure the cancer while keeping the r…

This study tests whether combining two drugs (nivolumab and regorafenib) with short-course radiation can shrink tumors in people with stage II or III rectal cancer. About 72 participants will receive the drugs before and after radiation, followed by surgery or a watch-and-wait ap…

This early-phase study tests a new drug called RMC-6291 in adults with advanced cancers (lung, colon, pancreatic) that have a specific KRAS G12C mutation. The goal is to find the safest dose and see how well the drug works. About 222 participants will receive the drug by mouth, a…

This phase 3 trial compares two treatment approaches for high-risk rectal cancer. The experimental group gets a short course of radiation (5 days) followed by several months of chemotherapy before surgery. The standard group receives longer chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery a…

This pilot study tests a new rectal applicator for delivering radiation therapy to elderly patients with inoperable rectal cancer. The treatment combines external beam radiation with three sessions of internal radiation (brachytherapy) using the new device. The study aims to see …

This study tests a new robotic surgery method for removing rectal tumors. The approach uses a single-port robot to improve flexibility and visibility during the operation. Researchers will study 20 patients with benign or early-stage rectal tumors to see if the procedure is safe …

This study tests a new surgical technique called transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) for rectal cancer. Instead of operating from the abdomen, surgeons work from the anus upward, which may make it easier to remove the tumor completely. The trial includes 100 adults with e…

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding the experimental drug galunisertib to standard chemoradiation can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 50 participants will receive the combination over 8 weeks, followed by surgery. Researchers will also s…

This study tests whether giving either short-course radiation or long-course chemoradiation, followed by a strong chemotherapy cocktail (mFOLFOXIRI), can shrink low rectal tumors enough to avoid radical surgery. About 66 adults with stage T2-4a rectal cancer whose tumor is within…

This phase 2 trial is testing a combination of two drugs, cabozantinib and nivolumab, in 48 people with advanced colorectal cancer that has not responded to standard treatments. The goal is to see if the combination can shrink or stabilize tumors. All participants have a type of …

This early-phase trial tests whether using MRI scans during radiation treatment can help doctors adjust the radiation dose to better target rectal cancer. Twenty people with stage II or III rectal cancer will receive standard chemotherapy plus MRI-guided radiation. The main goal …

This Phase 3 trial tests whether a short course of radiotherapy followed by the immunotherapy drug camrelizumab plus chemotherapy works better than standard long-term chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer. About 230 patients will be randomly assigned to one of the two…

This study looks at whether closing the pelvic floor with stitches after removing rectal cancer can stop the bowel from getting blocked. About 516 people having keyhole surgery for mid-low rectal cancer will be randomly assigned to get the closure or not. The main goal is to see …

This study planned to test two drugs—regorafenib (a pill) and lorigerlimab (given by IV)—in people whose rectal cancer had come back or grown after standard treatment. The goal was to see if the combination was safe and effective. However, the trial was withdrawn before enrolling…

This Phase 2 trial tests a shorter course of radiation followed by FOLFOX chemotherapy before surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer. About 364 participants will be randomly assigned to either this new regimen or standard chemoradiation. The goal is to see if the shorter appr…

This study looks at standardizing the surgical process for patients with advanced or recurrent rectal cancer that has spread to nearby organs. The procedure, called pelvic exenteration, removes the tumor along with affected structures. The goal is to improve teamwork among surgeo…

This early-phase study tests an experimental oral drug (GSK4418959) in adults with advanced solid tumors that have specific genetic changes (dMMR or MSI-H). The drug works by blocking a protein (WRN) that these tumors need to survive. The study aims to see if the drug, alone or w…

This phase 1 trial tests a vaccine (p53MVA) that trains the immune system to attack cancer cells with a p53 mutation, given together with the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda). The study includes 11 people with advanced solid tumors like lung, head and neck, liver, kidn…

This trial tests a modified stapling technique (MST) against the standard method in 450 adults having minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery. The goal is to see if MST reduces the chance of anastomotic leaks, a serious complication. Participants will be randomly assigned to one…

This phase II trial tests how well chemoradiation (using fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) works before surgery for stage II or III rectal cancer. The study looks at different time intervals between chemoradiation and surgery to see which timing leads to the best tumor s…

This study tests whether adding extra stitches around the surgical connection in laparoscopic low rectal cancer surgery can reduce the risk of dangerous leaks. About 300 adults with low rectal cancer will be assigned to either standard surgery or surgery with reinforced stitching…

This early-stage trial is testing a new drug called KFA115, either by itself or combined with the immunotherapy Keytruda (pembrolizumab), in 126 people with advanced cancers like lung, skin, kidney, and others. The main goal is to check safety and find the best dose. It is not ye…

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding the immunotherapy drug nivolumab (Opdivo) to standard chemoradiation and chemotherapy can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 29 participants who have not had prior treatment will receive chemoradiation, t…

This Phase 2 trial tests two immunotherapy drugs (iparomlimab and tuvonralimab) given before surgery to 29 patients with a specific genetic type of colorectal cancer (MSI-H/dMMR). The goal is to see if this combination can completely eliminate the tumor before surgery. Researcher…

This study tests whether giving a powerful mix of chemotherapy and radiation before surgery can completely eliminate rectal cancer in more patients. About 38 adults with rectal cancer will receive the experimental treatment and be followed for up to 4 years. The goal is to see if…

This study tests whether a combination of chemotherapy and an immunotherapy drug (sintilimab) can effectively treat locally advanced rectal cancer without the need for radiation. The goal is to shrink or eliminate tumors before surgery, potentially preserving organ function. The …

This study tests a drug called dostarlimab in 23 Chinese patients with a specific type of advanced rectal cancer (dMMR/MSI-H) that has not been treated before. The goal is to see if the drug can make the cancer disappear completely and stay gone for at least 12 months. Patients r…

This phase 2 trial tests a two-step approach for high-risk rectal cancer: first, a strong chemotherapy cocktail (FOLFOXIRI), followed by radiation combined with a chemo pill (capecitabine). The goal is to shrink tumors before surgery, making them easier to remove. The study invol…

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding a stronger chemotherapy regimen (FOLFOXIRI) before the usual chemoradiation and surgery can improve outcomes for people with high-risk locally advanced rectal cancer. About 72 participants will be randomly assigned to either standard treatm…

This study tests whether a special type of internal radiation (contact X-ray brachytherapy) given after standard chemoradiation can help more people with early rectal cancer keep their rectum, compared to standard external beam radiation. About 148 adults with small, early-stage …

This study tests a new platform called xDRIVE that combines drug sensitivity testing and AI to predict which treatments will work best for people with advanced colorectal cancer. The platform will not provide treatment itself but will give doctors a recommendation. The goal is to…

This early-phase trial tests a special PET scan that uses a radioactive tracer (64Cu-M5A) to highlight rectal cancer cells. The goal is to see if this scan can show tumor extent and response more accurately than standard imaging before and after chemotherapy and radiation. About …

This study tests a special PET scan that uses a radioactive antibody (64Cu-M5A) to find cancers that produce a protein called CEA. The goal is to see if this scan can detect tumors that standard methods might miss. About 20 adults with CEA-positive cancers (such as breast, colon,…

During laparoscopic surgery on the rectum or lower sigmoid colon, the small intestine can slip into the operating area and block the surgeon's view. This trial tests a disposable isolation device that holds the small intestine away from the surgical site. Researchers compare the …

This early-phase study tests an oral drug called ropidoxuridine (IPdR) in people with advanced gastrointestinal cancers that cannot be cured. The goal is to find the safest dose and see if it can make radiation therapy more effective at shrinking tumors. Nineteen participants wit…

This phase II trial tests whether time-restricted eating (intermittent fasting) can reduce side effects from radiation or chemoradiation in people with prostate, cervical, or rectal cancers. About 49 participants will either follow a time-restricted eating plan or receive standar…

This study tests a personalized self-management program to help cancer survivors on immune checkpoint inhibitors better handle side effects and reduce anxiety or depression. About 400 adults with breast, colon, lung, skin, or rectal cancer who recently started immunotherapy will …

This study tests whether using telemedicine and remote monitoring can help people with advanced digestive cancers manage chemotherapy side effects at home, reducing the need for emergency room visits and hospital stays. About 750 patients and their caregivers will receive enhance…

This study tests whether transanal irrigation (using water to flush the bowel) can improve quality of life and reduce bowel symptoms in 66 rectal cancer survivors who have low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). Participants learn the technique through an online platform with vir…

This study tests whether adding a single, non-invasive biofeedback session to home Kegel exercises can improve bowel control, reduce emotional distress, and enhance quality of life in people who have had rectal cancer surgery. About 66 participants will be randomly assigned to ei…

This study tests a program that lets cancer patients receive care at home while undergoing chemotherapy or radiation. It includes remote monitoring and home visits to reduce the need for hospital stays or emergency room visits. The goal is to see if this approach improves quality…

This study tests whether using a FitBit and a mobile app can help people recover at home after surgery for stomach, liver, colon, or other GI cancers. About 107 patients will either use the devices plus standard care, or standard care alone. The app tracks activity and symptoms, …

This study tests whether adding chlorophyllin, a natural plant extract, to standard chemoradiation can reduce side effects like diarrhea, bladder irritation, and low blood counts in people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 76 adults will receive either chlorophyllin or a…

This study compares two types of water enemas to help people with bowel leakage and urgency after rectal cancer surgery. Twenty participants will try both a high-volume system and a standard low-volume enema to see which works better. The goal is to improve quality of life and re…

This study looks at tiny pieces of cancer cells or DNA floating in the blood of people with rectal cancer. Researchers want to see if these markers can help predict how the tumor responds to standard treatment. About 341 participants, including healthy volunteers, will provide bl…

This phase II trial, called MATCH, is testing whether treating cancer based on the genetic makeup of a patient's tumor works better than standard treatments. Over 6,400 adults with advanced solid tumors, lymphomas, or multiple myeloma that have not responded to prior therapy are …

This pilot study is testing whether a simple blood test can detect tiny amounts of tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with early-stage colorectal cancer before and after surgery. The goal is to see if this test is practical and reliable for spotting any cancer cells left behind, which…

This study follows 116 people with recurrent rectal cancer to understand how their treatment affects their quality of life and well-being. Participants fill out questionnaires every 3 months about their symptoms, daily activities, and overall health. The goal is to learn what mat…

This study follows 565 people with stage I-III colon or rectal cancer to understand how treatment affects their finances and quality of life. Participants complete surveys about costs and financial well-being over 12 months. The goal is to help doctors better support patients fac…

This pilot study is testing whether regular MRI scans and blood tests can accurately track how rectal cancer responds to pre-surgery treatment. The goal is to develop a way to predict complete remission without needing surgery. Forty adults with locally advanced rectal cancer wil…

This study tested whether routine screening for four cancers (prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian) can lower the number of people who die from these diseases. Over 154,000 adults aged 55–74 joined the trial. Researchers compared cancer deaths between those who got screened an…

This study planned to look back at MRI scans of people with rectal cancer to see if the images could predict how aggressive the cancer is and how well it responds to treatment. The goal was to create a computer model to help doctors make better decisions. However, the study was w…

This study aimed to see if a blood test for cancer DNA (ctDNA) could help doctors decide which patients with stage 2 or 3 rectal cancer could safely avoid surgery and just be watched closely. It also looked at using the test to catch any cancer coming back early. However, the tri…

This study follows 72 women with pelvic cancers (anal, cervical, endometrial, rectal, vaginal, or vulvar) who are receiving radiation therapy. Researchers will use pelvic exams and surveys to measure changes in vaginal health, sexual function, and quality of life over two years. …

This study tests whether a simple blood test that looks for tumor DNA can detect colorectal cancer coming back earlier than standard CT scans. About 359 people who had surgery for stage II or III colorectal cancer will be randomly assigned to either the blood test plus frequent P…

This study investigates genetic factors that may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer at a young age (18-50). Researchers will collect blood or saliva samples and review medical records from 818 participants, including patients and their family members. The goal is t…

This study involves 320 adults with advanced rectal cancer who received standard chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Researchers are building a computer model that uses MRI scans and patient data to predict whether the cancer has completely disappeared after treatment. The goal is to …

This observational study looks back at 700 patients from 15 hospitals in 2 countries to compare local treatments like surgery and radiation for brain metastases that spread from colorectal cancer. Researchers will track how long patients live and how long it takes for brain tumor…

This study searches for new gene changes (mutations) that appear in cancer patients but not in their healthy parents. By comparing DNA from 1,275 people with certain cancers and their families, researchers hope to find genetic clues that increase cancer risk. The goal is to bette…

This study looks at how moderate aerobic exercise (like brisk walking) might help prevent colorectal cancer from coming back. Researchers will measure changes in inflammation and other blood markers in 60 people who have finished cancer treatment. Participants either walk on a tr…