New combo therapy aims to spare lymph nodes and boost rectal cancer outcomes

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients who have a strong willingness to preserve the anus and are willing to receive neoadjuvant therapy. 2. Male or Female aged 18-75. 3. Patients diagnosed with low rectal cancer within 10 cm from the lower edge of the tumor to the anal verge by pelvic MRI and anorectoscopy, the clinical stage is cT3-4bN0/+M0, and the lymph nodes are limited to the mesorectum. 4. Histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma; Genetic testing suggests MSI-L or MSS, or tumor biopsy immunohistochemistry reveals pMMR, that is, MSH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 are all positive. 5. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 0-1. 6. No previous treatment (including anti-tumor therapy, immunotherapy or pelvic radiation). 7. Laboratory tests indicating no contraindications to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. 8. Informed consent form signed. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with a previous history of malignant tumors besides rectal cancer. 2. Patients with distant metastases before enrollment. 3. Patients with positive internal or external iliac lymph nodes are assessed by MRI or CT. 4. Patients with obstruction, perforation, or bleeding that require emergency surgery. 5. Patients with severe concomitant diseases and estimated survival time ≤ 5 years. 6. Allergic to any component of the therapy. 7. Patients who received immunosuppressive or systemic hormone therapy for immunosuppressive purposes within 1 month prior to the initiation of therapy. 8. Patients who have received any other experimental drug (including immunotherapy) or participated in another interventional clinical trial within 30 days before screening. 9. Factors leading to study termination, such as alcoholism, drug abuse, other serious illnesses (including psychiatric disorders) requiring combination therapy, and patients with severe laboratory abnormalities. 10. Patients with congenital or acquired immune deficiency (such as HIV infection). 11. Vulnerable groups, including mentally ill, cognitively impaired, critically ill patients, minors, pregnant or lactating women, illiterate, etc. 12. Other conditions that investigators consider not suitable for this study.