Rectum adenocarcinoma

This phase 3 trial tests two different ways of using radiation before chemotherapy in people with stage III rectal cancer. One group gets a short course of radiation, the other gets standard chemoradiation, both followed by chemotherapy. The goal is to see if either approach can …

This study looks at whether a combination of radiation and chemotherapy can cure low rectal cancer, allowing patients to avoid surgery. About 108 people with early-stage rectal tumors near the anus will receive this treatment. The main goal is to see if the cancer stays under con…

This early-phase trial tests a new treatment called NG-350A, a virus designed to stimulate the immune system inside tumors, combined with standard chemoradiotherapy for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. The study aims to see if this combination can improve the chance of…

This trial is testing whether giving the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab before surgery can improve outcomes for people with high-risk stage 2 or stage 3 colorectal cancer that has a specific genetic feature called mismatch repair deficiency. About 88 participants will receive p…

This phase II trial compares a three-drug chemotherapy combination (FOLFIRINOX) against standard two-drug combos (FOLFOX or CAPOX) in 783 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The goal is to see if the stronger regimen leads to a complete disappearance of the tumor, poten…

This early-phase trial is testing a combination of chemotherapy (FOLFOX), an anti-angiogenic drug (bevacizumab), and two immunotherapies (botensilimab and balstilimab) in 20 patients with MSS metastatic colorectal cancer, a type that usually doesn't respond to immunotherapy. The …

This study tests whether giving two immunotherapy drugs (nivolumab and ipilimumab) along with a short course of radiation can completely eliminate advanced rectal cancer before surgery. About 31 adults with a specific genetic type (MSI-H/dMMR) of stage II or III rectal cancer wil…

This early-phase trial is testing a new way of giving radiation therapy (ultra-fractionated, short course) along with standard chemotherapy for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. The goal is to see if this combination can shrink the tumor enough to avoid surgery. The stu…

This study tests a new drug, SX-682, alone and with the immunotherapy nivolumab, in people with a specific type of advanced colorectal cancer that has spread or cannot be removed. The cancer must have a RAS mutation and be microsatellite stable (MSS), which often makes it harder …

This trial tests whether giving chemotherapy before or after radiation therapy works better for people with locally advanced rectal cancer that has a high risk of coming back. Participants receive the same drugs (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) but in a different order. The goal is…

This phase II trial tests whether adding the immunotherapy drug nivolumab to the standard two-drug regimen (encorafenib and cetuximab) works better at shrinking tumors in people with a specific type of advanced colorectal cancer (BRAF-mutant, microsatellite stable). About 86 part…

This Phase III trial tests whether a modified short-course radiation that spares nearby lymph nodes, combined with chemotherapy (CAPOX) and the immunotherapy drug tislelizumab, works better than standard radiation plus chemotherapy for people with a certain type of rectal cancer …

This trial investigates whether less invasive treatments can save the rectum in people with early-stage rectal cancer. Participants receive either standard surgery (removing part of the rectum) or one of two organ-sparing approaches: short-course radiotherapy or chemoradiation (c…

This study tests a combination of two targeted drugs (encorafenib and cetuximab) plus an immunotherapy (nivolumab) in people with a specific type of advanced colorectal cancer (BRAF V600E mutation) that is stable (MSS) and has spread or can't be removed by surgery. The goal is to…

This study tests a combination of three drugs (cetuximab, LY3214996, and abemaciclib) in people with advanced colorectal cancer that has spread and no longer responds to standard therapy. The goal is to see if the combination can shrink tumors and improve survival. About 46 adult…

This study tests a treatment plan to avoid major surgery for early-stage rectal cancer. Patients first receive chemotherapy, then a small surgery to remove the tumor, followed by radiation and more chemo. The goal is to see if this approach can cure the cancer while keeping the r…

This phase 3 trial compares two treatment approaches for high-risk rectal cancer. The experimental group gets a short course of radiation (5 days) followed by several months of chemotherapy before surgery. The standard group receives longer chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery a…

This pilot study tests a new rectal applicator for delivering radiation therapy to elderly patients with inoperable rectal cancer. The treatment combines external beam radiation with three sessions of internal radiation (brachytherapy) using the new device. The study aims to see …

This study tests a new surgical technique called transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) for rectal cancer. Instead of operating from the abdomen, surgeons work from the anus upward, which may make it easier to remove the tumor completely. The trial includes 100 adults with e…

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding the experimental drug galunisertib to standard chemoradiation can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 50 participants will receive the combination over 8 weeks, followed by surgery. Researchers will also s…

This study tests whether giving either short-course radiation or long-course chemoradiation, followed by a strong chemotherapy cocktail (mFOLFOXIRI), can shrink low rectal tumors enough to avoid radical surgery. About 66 adults with stage T2-4a rectal cancer whose tumor is within…

This phase 2 trial is testing a combination of two drugs, cabozantinib and nivolumab, in 48 people with advanced colorectal cancer that has not responded to standard treatments. The goal is to see if the combination can shrink or stabilize tumors. All participants have a type of …

This early-phase trial tests whether using MRI scans during radiation treatment can help doctors adjust the radiation dose to better target rectal cancer. Twenty people with stage II or III rectal cancer will receive standard chemotherapy plus MRI-guided radiation. The main goal …

This study planned to test two drugs—regorafenib (a pill) and lorigerlimab (given by IV)—in people whose rectal cancer had come back or grown after standard treatment. The goal was to see if the combination was safe and effective. However, the trial was withdrawn before enrolling…

This trial tests a modified stapling technique (MST) against the standard method in 450 adults having minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery. The goal is to see if MST reduces the chance of anastomotic leaks, a serious complication. Participants will be randomly assigned to one…

This phase II trial tests how well chemoradiation (using fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) works before surgery for stage II or III rectal cancer. The study looks at different time intervals between chemoradiation and surgery to see which timing leads to the best tumor s…

This study tests whether adding extra stitches around the surgical connection in laparoscopic low rectal cancer surgery can reduce the risk of dangerous leaks. About 300 adults with low rectal cancer will be assigned to either standard surgery or surgery with reinforced stitching…

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding the immunotherapy drug nivolumab (Opdivo) to standard chemoradiation and chemotherapy can improve outcomes for people with locally advanced rectal cancer. About 29 participants who have not had prior treatment will receive chemoradiation, t…

This study tests whether surgeons can safely remove less tissue during surgery for upper rectal cancer after patients have received pre-surgery therapy. About 874 adults with locally advanced rectal cancer will be randomly assigned to either standard or reduced surgical margins. …

This Phase 2 trial tests two immunotherapy drugs (iparomlimab and tuvonralimab) given before surgery to 29 patients with a specific genetic type of colorectal cancer (MSI-H/dMMR). The goal is to see if this combination can completely eliminate the tumor before surgery. Researcher…

This study tests whether giving a powerful mix of chemotherapy and radiation before surgery can completely eliminate rectal cancer in more patients. About 38 adults with rectal cancer will receive the experimental treatment and be followed for up to 4 years. The goal is to see if…

This study tests a drug called dostarlimab in 23 Chinese patients with a specific type of advanced rectal cancer (dMMR/MSI-H) that has not been treated before. The goal is to see if the drug can make the cancer disappear completely and stay gone for at least 12 months. Patients r…

This phase 2 trial tests a two-step approach for high-risk rectal cancer: first, a strong chemotherapy cocktail (FOLFOXIRI), followed by radiation combined with a chemo pill (capecitabine). The goal is to shrink tumors before surgery, making them easier to remove. The study invol…

This phase 2 trial tests whether adding a stronger chemotherapy regimen (FOLFOXIRI) before the usual chemoradiation and surgery can improve outcomes for people with high-risk locally advanced rectal cancer. About 72 participants will be randomly assigned to either standard treatm…

This study tests whether a special type of internal radiation (contact X-ray brachytherapy) given after standard chemoradiation can help more people with early rectal cancer keep their rectum, compared to standard external beam radiation. About 148 adults with small, early-stage …

This study tests a new platform called xDRIVE that combines drug sensitivity testing and AI to predict which treatments will work best for people with advanced colorectal cancer. The platform will not provide treatment itself but will give doctors a recommendation. The goal is to…

This study looks at tiny pieces of cancer cells or DNA floating in the blood of people with rectal cancer. Researchers want to see if these markers can help predict how the tumor responds to standard treatment. About 341 participants, including healthy volunteers, will provide bl…

This study follows 116 people with recurrent rectal cancer to understand how their treatment affects their quality of life and well-being. Participants fill out questionnaires every 3 months about their symptoms, daily activities, and overall health. The goal is to learn what mat…

This study aimed to see if a blood test for cancer DNA (ctDNA) could help doctors decide which patients with stage 2 or 3 rectal cancer could safely avoid surgery and just be watched closely. It also looked at using the test to catch any cancer coming back early. However, the tri…

This study investigates genetic factors that may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer at a young age (18-50). Researchers will collect blood or saliva samples and review medical records from 818 participants, including patients and their family members. The goal is t…

This study involves 320 adults with advanced rectal cancer who received standard chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Researchers are building a computer model that uses MRI scans and patient data to predict whether the cancer has completely disappeared after treatment. The goal is to …

This study looks at 266 adults with advanced rectal cancer who had radiation therapy followed by surgery. It compares standard chemoradiotherapy or short-course radiotherapy with a newer approach called total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT). The goal is to see which method leads to f…