Anrs, Emerging Infectious Diseases

This study looked at whether people who had COVID-19 more than 5 months ago need only one dose of the Pfizer mRNA vaccine, instead of the usual two. It included 267 healthy adults aged 18-45 or 65+, some with prior infection and some without. Researchers measured immune responses…

This study tested two different schedules of an experimental HIV vaccine in 147 healthy adults to see which one triggers a stronger immune response. Volunteers received either three doses of a DNA vaccine followed by one booster, or two doses of DNA followed by two boosters. The …

This study tested four different HIV vaccine combinations in 92 healthy volunteers at low risk of HIV. The goal was to see which combination is safest and best at triggering the body's immune system to fight HIV. The vaccines use a 'prime-boost' approach, where the first shot pri…

This study tested three different ways to give the hepatitis B vaccine to people with HIV. The goal was to find a method that works better than the standard shot, since HIV can weaken the immune response to vaccines. Over 400 adults with HIV and CD4 counts above 200 took part. Re…

This study tested whether a double-dose hepatitis B vaccine (40 micrograms) works better than the standard dose (20 micrograms) in people with HIV who had not responded to previous hepatitis B vaccines. The trial included 178 participants and measured how many developed protectiv…

This study tested whether irbesartan, a blood pressure medication, can slow the progression of liver scarring (fibrosis) in adults with chronic hepatitis C who cannot take or did not respond to antiviral therapy. Over two years, 166 participants took either irbesartan or a placeb…

This study looked at whether people with HIV who have high immune cell counts can safely take their medication in 6-month cycles instead of every day. 45 adults who had never taken HIV drugs before were given treatment for 6 months, then stopped for 6 months, and repeated this pa…

This study tested whether people with well-controlled HIV could take their antiretroviral medication only 4 days in a row each week instead of every day. 640 adults with stable HIV and undetectable viral load for at least a year participated. After 48 weeks, the 4-day schedule wo…

This study followed 27 HIV-positive people with kidney failure who received a kidney transplant. Researchers wanted to see how many had organ rejection within 6 months while taking a three-drug HIV regimen including raltegravir. The goal was to learn how to better manage transpla…

This study looked at how the HIV medication raltegravir works in people with HIV who also have end-stage liver disease and need a liver transplant. Researchers wanted to see how the drug interacts with anti-rejection medicines given after transplant. 14 participants were followed…

This study tested two different once-daily HIV medication combinations in 101 people recently infected with HIV-1. The goal was to see which combo better reduced the amount of HIV hiding in immune cells (the viral reservoir) after 48 weeks. Both treatments are designed to control…

This study tested a radioactive oil called Lipiocis given directly into the liver's blood supply. The goal was to see if it could prevent liver cancer from returning in 73 patients with cirrhosis who had already had their tumors removed or destroyed. The treatment aims to reduce …

This study tested a switch to a two-drug HIV treatment (raltegravir and etravirine) in 170 adults aged 45 and older who already had their virus under control. After 96 weeks, nearly all participants (99%) still had undetectable virus levels. The simpler regimen may reduce side ef…

This study tested a more intense hepatitis C treatment in 58 adults who have both HIV and hepatitis C (genotypes 1 or 4) and had not gotten better with standard therapy. Participants received higher doses of two antiviral drugs for 6 months, with some continuing up to 18 months b…

This study tested whether a stronger tuberculosis (TB) treatment could reduce deaths in people with HIV who have very low immune cell counts (CD4 ≤ 100). Over 1,300 hospitalized adults and teens received either an intensified drug regimen (with extra rifampicin, isoniazid, predni…

This study tested whether reducing the daily dose of the HIV drug darunavir from 800 mg to 400 mg could keep the virus suppressed in 100 adults who already had undetectable viral loads. Participants were on a stable regimen including darunavir and two other drugs. The goal was to…

This study looked at whether providing mental health care to people who inject drugs and have depression, psychosis, or suicide risk can improve their mental health and lower their chances of getting HIV or hepatitis C. Over one year, 200 participants with mental health issues re…

This study tested a new first-line treatment for HIV-2, a less common form of HIV. Thirty participants who had never taken HIV medication received a combination of raltegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir. The goal was to see if this combination could control the virus and impro…

This study tested a combination of four drugs (asunaprevir, daclatasvir, ribavirin, and pegylated interferon) in 60 adults with hepatitis C genotype 4 who had not responded to standard treatment. The goal was to see if this stronger approach could clear the virus from the body. T…

This study tested a 12-week course of telaprevir added to a longer course of peginterferon and ribavirin in 70 adults with both HIV and hepatitis C who had not been helped by earlier treatment. The goal was to see if this combination could clear the hepatitis C virus for good. Th…

This study looked at whether low-dose CT scans can find lung cancer early in people with HIV who have a history of heavy smoking. About 450 participants aged 40 and older received a CT scan to check for lung cancer. The goal was to see how common lung cancer is in this group and …

This study tested whether taking an antibiotic (doxycycline) after sex or getting a meningitis vaccine (Bexsero) could prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea. It involved 556 men who have sex with men and were already using HIV PrEP…

This study tested a program where men who have sex with men in four African countries received HIV prevention care every three months. The care included checkups, STI testing, counseling, and condoms. The goal was to see if this approach could reduce HIV infections in this group …

This study tested whether pregnant women with well-controlled HIV could switch to a simpler drug regimen (darunavir/ritonavir alone) to prevent passing the virus to their babies. 91 women who were already on HIV treatment and had undetectable virus levels for at least a year took…

This large study in South Africa tested whether offering HIV treatment right away to everyone who tests positive, instead of waiting until their immune system weakens, can lower the number of new HIV infections in entire communities. Over 28,000 people from 22 villages took part.…

This study tested a simpler HIV medication combination in pregnant women to prevent passing the virus to their babies. About 100 women received a two-drug regimen (lopinavir/ritonavir) and 50 received a three-drug regimen (adding zidovudine and lamivudine). The goal was to see if…

This study looked at whether men who have sex with men (MSM) in West Africa would accept and use a daily or on-demand pill (PrEP) to prevent HIV. Over 600 HIV-negative men from Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Togo took part. They received free PrEP, regular check-ups, and …

This study examined 30 HIV-positive adults who had been on effective antiretroviral therapy for at least a year and had undetectable virus levels in their blood. Researchers took gut tissue samples to look for hidden HIV and understand why the virus persists in the body. The goal…

This study looked at 80 HIV patients on long-term treatment to understand why their gut immune barrier doesn't fully heal. Even when the virus is controlled, a 'leaky gut' can cause harmful inflammation. Researchers measured specific immune cells in the blood and gut to find out …

This study followed 516 HIV-positive men who have sex with men to learn how anal HPV infection changes over time and how it might lead to anal cancer. Researchers used exams and special scopes to check for abnormal cells. The goal was to gather information that could help prevent…

This study looked at whether a small genetic change in the TLR7 gene is more common in women with HIV than in healthy women. The goal was to understand if this change affects the body's early immune response to the virus. Researchers studied 90 women, all of whom had HIV and were…

This study looked at 20 men with HIV who were stable on a common drug combination. Researchers measured how much of the drugs reached key body tissues like lymph nodes, fat, rectum, and sperm. The goal was to understand where the virus might hide despite treatment, which could he…

This early-stage trial tested whether a combination of two HIV-1 inducers is safe for people with HIV subtype B who are on standard antiretroviral therapy and have undetectable virus levels. Nine men participated, and the study focused on monitoring side effects and serious adver…