Vaginal estrogen may ease bladder troubles by altering urine microbiome

This study looked at whether a low-dose vaginal estrogen tablet could improve overactive bladder symptoms in menopausal women by changing the bacteria in their urine. Thirty women used the tablet daily for two weeks, then twice a week for 12 weeks. Researchers measured changes in Lactobacillus levels and other urine bacteria, and linked those changes to symptom improvement.