Brain tumor treatment showdown: should radiation come before or after surgery?
NCT ID NCT05438212
First seen Jun 26, 2026 · Last updated Sep 11, 2026 · Updated 3 times
Summary
This phase III trial tests whether giving focused radiation (stereotactic radiosurgery) before surgery is better than after surgery for people with 1 to 4 brain metastases. About 237 participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two sequences. The goal is to see which order reduces the chance of the tumor coming back, spreading to other brain areas, and causing radiation-related scarring.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- Active substance
- stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
- What this could lead to
- If it works, this could establish a better sequence of surgery and radiation to lower the chance of brain tumors coming back or spreading.
- What could go wrong
- This is a large phase III trial, but results are not yet available. The benefit may be small or not apply to all patients, and radiation carries risks like brain swelling or scarring.
This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.
Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Phase
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Phase 3
Large-scale testing in a bigger group. Usually the last step before a treatment can be approved.
- Participants
-
237 people
The number who actually took part.
- Started
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Oct 2022
- Expected to finish
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Mar 2032
An estimate. End dates often move.
- Lead sponsor
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Other sponsor
The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
- Ages
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18 years and older
- Sex
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Anyone
- Healthy volunteers
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Not accepted
This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.
Show the full entry requirements Hide the full entry requirements
Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Inclusion Criteria: * Radiographic confirmation of 1-4 brain metastases, one of which requires resection, as defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast obtained within 14 days prior to registration * The maximum diameter of the lesion to be resected on the post-contrast MRI, as measured on any orthogonal plane (axial, sagittal, coronal), must measure \>= 2.0 cm and =\< 5.0 cm. * The maximum diameter of any lesions which will not be resected must be =\< 4.0 cm in maximum diameter * Known active or history of invasive non-central nervous system (CNS) primary cancer based on documented pathologic diagnosis within the past 3 years * All brain metastases must be located \>= 5 mm from the optic chiasm and outside the brainstem * Patient is able to medically tolerate surgery and SRS * Lesions chosen for surgical therapy must be deemed appropriate targets for safe, gross total resection by the treating surgeon * History/physical examination within 14 days prior to registration * Age \>= 18 * Karnofsky performance status (KPS) \>= 60 within 14 days prior to registration * A negative urine or serum pregnancy test (in persons of childbearing potential) within =\< 14 days prior to registration. Childbearing potential is defined as any person who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone surgical sterilization (hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy) or who is not postmenopausal * Participants who are sexually active must agree to use medically acceptable forms of contraception during treatment on this study to prevent pregnancy * The patient or a legally authorized representative must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry and, for patients treated in the United States (U.S.), authorization permitting release of personal health information Exclusion Criteria: * Prior cranial radiotherapy, including whole brain radiotherapy, or SRS to the resection site * Note: The index lesion to be resected cannot have been previously treated with SRS (i.e. repeat radiosurgery to the same location/lesion is not allowed on this protocol). Previous SRS to other lesions is allowed * Evidence of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) * Note: For the purposes of exclusion, LMD is a clinical diagnosis, defined as positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and/or unequivocal radiologic or clinical evidence of leptomeningeal involvement. Patients with leptomeningeal symptoms in the setting of leptomeningeal enhancement by imaging (MRI) would be considered to have LMD even in the absence of positive CSF cytology. In contrast, an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patient with mild or nonspecific leptomeningeal enhancement (MRI) would not be considered to have LMD. In that patient, CSF sampling is not required to formally exclude LMD, but can be performed at the investigator's discretion based on level of clinical suspicion * Any medical conditions which would make this protocol unreasonably hazardous, including, but not limited to: contraindications to general endotracheal anesthesia; intracranial surgery; and stereotactic radiosurgery * Primary histology of germ cell tumor, small cell carcinoma or lymphoma * More than one brain metastasis planned for resection * Inability to undergo MRI with contrast * Planned administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy or tyrosine/multi-kinase inhibitors within the 3 days prior to, the day of, or within 3 days after the completion of SRS * Note: chemotherapy and immunotherapy outside of this window are allowed
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Conditions
The condition(s) this trial relates to.
As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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AMG Crystal Lake - Oncology
Crystal Lake, Illinois, 60014, United States
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AMG Libertyville - Oncology
Libertyville, Illinois, 60048, United States
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Advocate Christ Medical Center
Oak Lawn, Illinois, 60453-2699, United States
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Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital
Downers Grove, Illinois, 60515, United States
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Advocate Good Shepherd Hospital
Barrington, Illinois, 60010, United States
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Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge, Illinois, 60068, United States
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Advocate Outpatient Center - Aurora
Aurora, Illinois, 60506, United States
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Advocate South Suburban Hospital
Hazel Crest, Illinois, 60429, United States
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Ascension Saint Vincent Indianapolis Hospital
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46260, United States
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Aspirus Cancer Care - James Beck Cancer Center
Rhinelander, Wisconsin, 54501, United States
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Aspirus Cancer Care - Stevens Point
Stevens Point, Wisconsin, 54481, United States
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Aspirus Cancer Care - Wisconsin Rapids
Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, 54494, United States
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Aspirus Regional Cancer Center
Wausau, Wisconsin, 54401, United States
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Atrium Health Cabarrus/LCI-Concord
Concord, North Carolina, 28025, United States
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Aurora BayCare Medical Center
Green Bay, Wisconsin, 54311, United States
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Aurora Cancer Care-Grafton
Grafton, Wisconsin, 53024, United States
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Aurora Cancer Care-Kenosha South
Kenosha, Wisconsin, 53142, United States
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Aurora Cancer Care-Milwaukee
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53209, United States
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Aurora Cancer Care-Milwaukee West
Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 53226, United States
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Aurora Cancer Care-Racine
Racine, Wisconsin, 53406, United States
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Aurora Cancer Care-Southern Lakes VLCC
Burlington, Wisconsin, 53105, United States
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Aurora Health Care Germantown Health Center
Germantown, Wisconsin, 53022, United States
-
Aurora Medical Center in Summit
Summit, Wisconsin, 53066, United States
-
Aurora Saint Luke's Medical Center
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53215, United States
-
Aurora Sinai Medical Center
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53233, United States
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Aurora West Allis Medical Center
West Allis, Wisconsin, 53227, United States
-
BJC Outpatient Center at Sunset Hills
Sunset Hills, Missouri, 63127, United States
-
Banner University Medical Center - Tucson
Tucson, Arizona, 85719, United States
-
Benefis Sletten Cancer Institute
Great Falls, Montana, 59405, United States
-
Billings Clinic Cancer Center
Billings, Montana, 59101, United States
-
CHU de Quebec-L'Hotel-Dieu de Quebec (HDQ)
Québec, Quebec, G1R 2J6, Canada
-
CHUM - Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal
Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3E4, Canada
-
CJW Medical Center - Johnston-Willis Campus
Richmond, Virginia, 23235, United States
-
California Pacific Medical Center-Pacific Campus
San Francisco, California, 94115, United States
-
Cancer Care Center of O'Fallon
O'Fallon, Illinois, 62269, United States
-
Cancer Care Specialists of Illinois - Decatur
Decatur, Illinois, 62526, United States
-
Capital Health Medical Center-Hopewell
Pennington, New Jersey, 08534, United States
-
Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital
Roanoke, Virginia, 24033, United States
-
Carle Cancer Center
Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
-
Carle Physician Group-Effingham
Effingham, Illinois, 62401, United States
-
Carle Physician Group-Mattoon/Charleston
Mattoon, Illinois, 61938, United States
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Carle at The Riverfront
Danville, Illinois, 61832, United States
-
CaroMont Regional Medical Center
Gastonia, North Carolina, 28054, United States
-
Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute
Charlotte, North Carolina, 28203, United States
-
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
-
Castle Medical Center
Kailua, Hawaii, 96734, United States
-
Centralia Oncology Clinic
Centralia, Illinois, 62801, United States
-
Coborn Cancer Center at Saint Cloud Hospital
Saint Cloud, Minnesota, 56303, United States
-
Community Medical Center
Toms River, New Jersey, 08755, United States
-
Cooper Hospital University Medical Center
Camden, New Jersey, 08103, United States
-
Corewell Health Beaumont Troy Hospital
Troy, Michigan, 48085, United States
-
Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital
Royal Oak, Michigan, 48073, United States
-
Covenant Medical Center-Lakeside
Lubbock, Texas, 79410, United States
-
Crossroads Cancer Center
Effingham, Illinois, 62401, United States
-
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Dartmouth Cancer Center
Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756, United States
-
Decatur Memorial Hospital
Decatur, Illinois, 62526, United States
-
Delaware Health Center-Grady Cancer Center
Delaware, Ohio, 43015, United States
-
Duluth Clinic Ashland
Ashland, Wisconsin, 54806, United States
-
Edward Hospital/Cancer Center
Naperville, Illinois, 60540, United States
-
Elmhurst Memorial Hospital
Elmhurst, Illinois, 60126, United States
-
Emory Saint Joseph's Hospital
Atlanta, Georgia, 30342, United States
-
Emory University Hospital Midtown
Atlanta, Georgia, 30308, United States
-
Emory University Hospital/Winship Cancer Institute
Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States
-
Essentia Health - Deer River Clinic
Deer River, Minnesota, 56636, United States
-
Essentia Health Cancer Center
Duluth, Minnesota, 55805, United States
-
Essentia Health Hibbing Clinic
Hibbing, Minnesota, 55746, United States
-
Essentia Health Saint Joseph's Medical Center
Brainerd, Minnesota, 56401, United States
-
Essentia Health Saint Mary's Hospital - Superior
Superior, Wisconsin, 54880, United States
-
Essentia Health Saint Mary's Medical Center
Duluth, Minnesota, 55805, United States
-
Essentia Health Sandstone
Sandstone, Minnesota, 55072, United States
-
Essentia Health Virginia Clinic
Virginia, Minnesota, 55792, United States
-
Essentia Health-Hayward Clinic
Hayward, Wisconsin, 54843, United States
-
Essentia Health-Spooner Clinic
Spooner, Wisconsin, 54801, United States
-
Gibbs Cancer Center-Gaffney
Gaffney, South Carolina, 29341, United States
-
Gibbs Cancer Center-Pelham
Greer, South Carolina, 29651, United States
-
Good Samaritan University Hospital
West Islip, New York, 11795, United States
-
Grady Health System
Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, United States
-
Grady Memorial Hospital
Delaware, Ohio, 43015, United States
-
Grant Medical Center
Columbus, Ohio, 43215, United States
-
Gunma University Hospital
Gunma, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
-
Hawaii Cancer Care - Westridge
‘Aiea, Hawaii, 96701, United States
-
Hawaii Cancer Care Inc - Waterfront Plaza
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96813, United States
-
Henrico Doctor's Hospital
Richmond, Virginia, 23229, United States
-
Hokkaido University Hospital
Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
-
Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States
-
Indu and Raj Soin Medical Center
Beavercreek, Ohio, 45431, United States
-
Inova Schar Cancer Institute
Fairfax, Virginia, 22031, United States
-
Iowa Methodist Medical Center
Des Moines, Iowa, 50309, United States
-
Jersey City Medical Center
Jersey City, New Jersey, 07302, United States
-
Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, 90027, United States
-
Kaiser Permanente-Anaheim
Anaheim, California, 92806, United States
-
Kaiser Permanente-Bellflower
Bellflower, California, 90706, United States
-
Kaiser Permanente-Ontario
Ontario, California, 91761, United States
-
Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96826, United States
-
Kettering Medical Center
Kettering, Ohio, 45429, United States
-
Kyoto University Hospital
Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
-
Lenox Hill Hospital
New York, New York, 10075, United States
-
Manhattan Eye Ear and Throat Hospital
New York, New York, 10065, United States
-
Mayo Clinic in Florida
Jacksonville, Florida, 32224-9980, United States
-
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, United States
-
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, United States
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Memorial Medical Center
Modesto, California, 95355, United States
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Mercy Health - Perrysburg Hospital
Perrysburg, Ohio, 43551, United States
-
Mercy Hospital Springfield
Springfield, Missouri, 65804, United States
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Miami Cancer Institute
Miami, Florida, 33176, United States
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Miller-Dwan Hospital
Duluth, Minnesota, 55805, United States
-
Missouri Baptist Medical Center
St Louis, Missouri, 63131, United States
-
Missouri Baptist Sullivan Hospital
Sullivan, Missouri, 63080, United States
-
Moffitt Cancer Center
Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States
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Moffitt Cancer Center - McKinley Campus
Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States
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Moffitt Cancer Center at Wesley Chapel
Wesley Chapel, Florida, 33544, United States
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Moffitt Cancer Center-International Plaza
Tampa, Florida, 33607, United States
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Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus
The Bronx, New York, 10467, United States
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Montefiore Medical Center-Einstein Campus
The Bronx, New York, 10461, United States
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Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hospital
The Bronx, New York, 10461, United States
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Mount Sinai Chelsea
New York, New York, 10011, United States
-
Mount Sinai Hospital
New York, New York, 10029, United States
-
Mount Sinai West
New York, New York, 10019, United States
-
NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
New York, New York, 10032, United States
-
NYP/Weill Cornell Medical Center
New York, New York, 10065, United States
-
Nagoya University Hospital
Showa-Ku Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan
-
National Cancer Center Hospital
Tokyo, 104 0045, Japan
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New York-Presbyterian/Brooklyn Methodist Hospital
Brooklyn, New York, 11215, United States
-
Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
Newark, New Jersey, 07112, United States
-
Northeast Radiation Oncology Center
Dunmore, Pennsylvania, 18512, United States
-
Northern Westchester Hospital
Mount Kisco, New York, 10549, United States
-
Northwest Wisconsin Cancer Center
Ashland, Wisconsin, 54806, United States
-
Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Warrenville
Warrenville, Illinois, 60555, United States
-
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States
-
Norton Brownsboro Hospital and Medical Campus
Louisville, Kentucky, 40241, United States
-
Novant Health Cancer Institute Radiation Oncology - Wilmington
Wilmington, North Carolina, 28401, United States
-
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
-
Pali Momi Medical Center
‘Aiea, Hawaii, 96701, United States
-
Parkland Health Center - Farmington
Farmington, Missouri, 63640, United States
-
Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033-0850, United States
-
Piedmont Hospital
Atlanta, Georgia, 30309, United States
-
Queen's Cancer Cenrer - POB I
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96813, United States
-
Queen's Cancer Center - Kuakini
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817, United States
-
Queen's Medical Center
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96813, United States
-
Renown Regional Medical Center
Reno, Nevada, 89502, United States
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Riverside Methodist Hospital
Columbus, Ohio, 43214, United States
-
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States
-
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, United States
-
SMC Center for Hematology Oncology Union
Union, South Carolina, 29379, United States
-
Saint Barnabas Medical Center
Livingston, New Jersey, 07039, United States
-
Saint Joseph Hospital - Orange
Orange, California, 92868, United States
-
Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
Phoenix, Arizona, 85013, United States
-
Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City
Kansas City, Missouri, 64111, United States
-
Sainte Genevieve County Memorial Hospital
Sainte Genevieve, Missouri, 63670, United States
-
Sanford Broadway Medical Center
Fargo, North Dakota, 58122, United States
-
Sanford Cancer Center Oncology Clinic
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57104, United States
-
Sanford Roger Maris Cancer Center
Fargo, North Dakota, 58122, United States
-
Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57117-5134, United States
-
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Springfield, Illinois, 62702, United States
-
Spartanburg Medical Center
Spartanburg, South Carolina, 29303, United States
-
Springfield Clinic
Springfield, Illinois, 62702, United States
-
Springfield Memorial Hospital
Springfield, Illinois, 62781, United States
-
Stanford Cancer Institute Palo Alto
Palo Alto, California, 94304, United States
-
State University of New York Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States
-
Stony Brook University Medical Center
Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
-
Straub Clinic and Hospital
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96813, United States
-
Sutter Auburn Faith Hospital
Auburn, California, 95602, United States
-
Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Auburn
Auburn, California, 95603, United States
-
Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Roseville
Roseville, California, 95661, United States
-
Sutter Medical Center Sacramento
Sacramento, California, 95816, United States
-
Sutter Pacific Medical Foundation
Santa Rosa, California, 95403, United States
-
Sutter Roseville Medical Center
Roseville, California, 95661, United States
-
Sutter Solano Medical Center/Cancer Center
Vallejo, California, 94589, United States
-
Swedish Medical Center-Cherry Hill
Seattle, Washington, 98122-5711, United States
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The Cancer Center of Hawaii-Liliha
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817, United States
-
The Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial
Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, United States
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The New York Hospital Medical Center of Queens
Flushing, New York, 11355, United States
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The Queen's Medical Center - West Oahu
‘Ewa Beach, Hawaii, 96706, United States
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The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC)
Montreal, Quebec, H3H 2R9, Canada
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The Valley Hospital - Luckow Pavilion
Paramus, New Jersey, 07652, United States
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ThedaCare Regional Cancer Center
Appleton, Wisconsin, 54911, United States
-
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, United States
-
UC Comprehensive Cancer Center at Silver Cross
New Lenox, Illinois, 60451, United States
-
UC Irvine Health/Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
Orange, California, 92868, United States
-
UCI Health - Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Ambulatory Care
Irvine, California, 92612, United States
-
UCSF Medical Center-Parnassus
San Francisco, California, 94143, United States
-
UI Health Care Mission Cancer and Blood - Ankeny Clinic
Ankeny, Iowa, 50023, United States
-
UI Health Care Mission Cancer and Blood - Des Moines Clinic
Des Moines, Iowa, 50309, United States
-
UI Health Care Mission Cancer and Blood - Laurel Clinic
Des Moines, Iowa, 50314, United States
-
UI Health Care Mission Cancer and Blood - Waukee Clinic
Waukee, Iowa, 50263, United States
-
UI Health Care Mission Cancer and Blood - West Des Moines Clinic
Clive, Iowa, 50325, United States
-
UM Baltimore Washington Medical Center/Tate Cancer Center
Glen Burnie, Maryland, 21061, United States
-
UM Capital Region Medical Center
Largo, Maryland, 20774, United States
-
UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at Coral Gables
Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
-
UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at Deerfield Beach
Deerfield Beach, Florida, 33442, United States
-
UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at Doral
Doral, Florida, 33166, United States
-
UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at Plantation
Plantation, Florida, 33324, United States
-
UM Upper Chesapeake Medical Center
Bel Air, Maryland, 21014, United States
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UPMC-Presbyterian Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
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UPMC-Shadyside Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15232, United States
-
UW Cancer Center at ProHealth Care
Waukesha, Wisconsin, 53188, United States
-
University of Arizona Cancer Center-North Campus
Tucson, Arizona, 85719, United States
-
University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center
Sacramento, California, 95817, United States
-
University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
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University of Hawaii Cancer Center
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96813, United States
-
University of Maryland/Greenebaum Cancer Center
Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, United States
-
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Sylvester Cancer Center
Miami, Florida, 33136, United States
-
University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
-
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States
-
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York, 14642, United States
-
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - Eastpark Medical Center
Madison, Wisconsin, 53718, United States
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University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - Johnson Creek
Johnson Creek, Wisconsin, 53038, United States
-
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - University Hospital
Madison, Wisconsin, 53792, United States
-
VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center
Richmond, Virginia, 23298, United States
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Valley Health System Ridgewood Campus
Ridgewood, New Jersey, 07450, United States
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Valley Health System-Hematology/Oncology
Westwood, New Jersey, 07675, United States
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Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic - Oshkosh
Oshkosh, Wisconsin, 54904, United States
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Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic-Sheboygan
Sheboygan, Wisconsin, 53081, United States
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Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, United States
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Weisberg Cancer Treatment Center
Farmington Hills, Michigan, 48334, United States
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Wilcox Memorial Hospital and Kauai Medical Clinic
Lihue, Hawaii, 96766, United States
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