Can these pills save Insulin-Making cells in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes?

NCT ID NCT05743244

Ongoing Disease control Sponsor: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This phase 2 trial tests two oral drugs, abrocitinib and ritlecitinib, in 78 people aged 12-35 who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes within the last 100 days. The goal is to see if these JAK inhibitors can help preserve the body's ability to produce insulin, measured by a stimulated C-peptide test after 12 months. Participants are randomly assigned to receive one of the drugs or a placebo, and the study is double-blind, meaning neither patients nor doctors know who gets what.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only — not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance: Abrocitinib and Ritlecitinib (JAK inhibitor drugs)
What this could lead to: If successful, this could lead to a treatment that helps people with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes keep making some of their own insulin for longer, reducing the need for injected insulin.
What could go wrong: This is an early phase 2 trial with only 78 people, so results may not apply to everyone. JAK inhibitors can have side effects like increased infection risk, and the drugs may not work as hoped.

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

type 1 diabetes mellitus type 1 diabetes mellitus 1

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1

Contacts and locations

Locations

3. Royal Melbourne Hospital

Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
Barbara Davis Center at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States
Benaroya Research Institute

Seattle, Washington, 98101, United States
Children's Hospital Orange County

Orange, California, 92868, United States
Columbia University-Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center

New York, New York, 10032, United States
Emory Children's Center

Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States
Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X8, Canada
Indiana University

Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, United States
Joslin Center at SUNY Upsate

Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States
Joslin Diabetes Center

Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States
Perth Children's Hospital

Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
Queensland Children's Hospital

South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
Royal North Shore Hospital

Saint Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
Stanford University

Palo Alto, California, 94304, United States
The Children's Mercy Hospital

Kansas City, Missouri, 64111, United States
The Royal Children's Hospital - Melbourne

Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
UBMD Pediatrics

Buffalo, New York, 14203, United States
University of California- San Francisco

San Francisco, California, 94143, United States
University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States
University of Louisville Pediatric Endocrinology

Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, United States
University of Miami

Miami, Florida, 33136, United States
University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15224, United States
University of South Florida Diabetes Center

Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States
University of Texas Southwestern

Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States
Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, United States
Women and Children's Hospital-Adelaide

Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
Yale University School of Medicine

New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, United States

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