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Smoking worsens gum disease by changing immune cell behavior

NCT ID NCT07323277

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: Suleyman Demirel University Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
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Expanded access (paused)
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Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study examined how smoking influences immune cells (macrophages) in gum disease. Researchers compared gum tissue from 80 smokers and non-smokers with and without periodontitis. They measured specific markers to see how smoking shifts the balance of immune responses, which may explain why smokers have more severe gum disease.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

80 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Dec 2024

Finished

Nov 2025

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

The study population consisted of systemically healthy volunteer adults aged 18-65 years who presented to the Periodontology Clinic of Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry with a need for periodontal treatment. Eligible participants were assigned to one of four groups based on smoking status and periodontal condition: healthy non-smokers, periodontitis non-smokers, healthy smokers, and periodontitis smokers. All participants were evaluated according to the study's predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria before enrollment.

Ages

18 to 65 years

Sex

Anyone

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * The study population consisted of volunteer participants aged 18-65 years who were referred to the Department of Periodontology at Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry for periodontal treatment and who met the inclusion criteria without violating any exclusion criteria. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals who did not consent to participate in the study * History of any periodontal treatment within the past 6 months * Use of systemic antibiotics within the past 3 months * Pregnancy or lactation * Psychological or physical conditions that may interfere with cooperation during clinical examination * History of substance or alcohol abuse * Presence of severe malocclusion or ongoing orthodontic treatment * Acute dental pain due to caries, abscess, or other odontogenic infections * Presence of systemic diseases with oral manifestations or any systemic condition known to affect periodontal tissues * History of malignancy * Use of medications that can influence periodontal parameters (e.g., anti-inflammatory drugs) within the past 3 months * Participation in another scientific or clinical research study within the past 3 months

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

periodontal disorder periodontitis Smoking

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Periodontitis

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology

    Isparta, Isparta, 32000, Turkey (Türkiye)

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