Blood 'Cleansing' may revive bladder cancer treatment

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years * GROPUS A and B (reCIPE-B1): Histologically proven urothelial carcinoma \[American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 2017\] of the bladder (BCa) or upper urothelial tract (UTUC), that has progressed despite enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab treatment * NOTE: Primary or secondary progression are allowed, therapies are not required to be concurrent or immediately antecedent to enrollment) * COHORT C (CAKE ReCIPE): Histologically proven urothelial carcinoma (AJCC 2017) of the bladder (BCa) or upper urothelial tract (UTUC), that has progressed despite ADC AND is otherwise not a candidate for Groups A and B * NOTE: Patients in Groups A and B who have progressed on that treatment are candidates for this cohort. Such patients must be re-consented and re- enrolled * Measurable disease per RECIST version (v)1.1 * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status grade 0, 1, or 2 * Hemoglobin \> 7.0 g/dL (obtained ≤ 30 days prior to registration) * Platelet count ≥ 75,000/mm\^3 (obtained ≤ 30 days prior to registration) * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) OR aspartate transaminase (AST) ≤ 3.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) OR total bilirubin ≤ 3 x ULN OR direct bilirubin ≤ 3 x ULN (obtained ≤ 30 days prior to registration) * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 15 ml/min (obtained ≤ 30 days prior to registration) * Negative pregnancy test ≤ 8 days prior to registration, for persons of childbearing potential only * Provide written informed consent * Ability to complete questionnaire(s) by themselves or with assistance * Willingness to undergo treatment as assigned (group A: TPE + EV/pembro; OR group B: next line standard of care; OR Cohort C TPE + ADC) * Willingness to provide mandatory blood and fluid specimens for correlative research * Willingness to provide tissue specimens for correlative research * Willing to return to enrolling institution for follow-up (during the active monitoring phase of the study) Exclusion Criteria: * Any of the following because this study involves an investigational agent, the genotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects of which on the developing fetus and newborn are unknown * Pregnant persons * Nursing persons * Persons of childbearing potential or able to father a child who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception * Any of the following histologic variants/divergent differentiation: Any amount of neuroendocrine or signet ring cell features * Active malignancies (i.e., progressing or requiring treatment change ≤ 24 months before registration) other than the disease being treated under study * EXCEPTIONS: * Skin cancer (melanoma or non-melanoma) that is considered completely cured * Non-invasive cervical cancer that is considered completely cured * Breast cancer: adequately treated lobular carcinoma in situ or ductal carcinoma in situ considered to have a very low risk of recurrence * Localized prostate cancer (T1c/T2N0M0): * Gleason score 6, treated by either surgery or ablation ≤ 24 months prior to registration or untreated and under active surveillance * Gleason score 3+4 that has been treated (may include surgery or ablation) ≤ 24 months prior to registration and considered to have a very low risk of recurrence (i.e., cT1c or pT2 on prostatectomy specimen) * History of uncontrolled cardiovascular disease including any of the following ≤ 6 months prior to registration: * Significant cardiovascular disease \[New York Heart Association (NYHA) class ≥ III\], symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, Torsades de Pointes, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack * Psychiatric illness/social situations (e.g., substance abuse) that would limit compliance with study requirements * Any condition for which, in the opinion of the investigator, participation would not be in the best interest of the participants (e.g., compromise the well-being) or that could prevent, limit, or confound the protocol-specified assessments