AI and glucose monitors join forces to fight knee pain and obesity

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age: 18 to 75 years. * Obesity status: body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m², consistent with the obesity definition defined by the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. * Diagnosis of KOA in at least one knee according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, with a Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade of 1, 2, or 3. * Symptomatic disease: defined as a WOMAC pain subscale score (range 0-20) greater than 4 at screening. * Sedentary lifestyle: defined as less than 30 minutes of physical activity per week for the past 6 months. * Informed consent: willing and able to provide written informed consent and comply with all longitudinal study procedures. * Comorbid status: participants may be included regardless of a baseline diagnosis of T2D or CKD. Stratified randomization and subgroup analyses will be conducted based on these baseline conditions. Exclusion Criteria: * KL grade 4 KOA in either knee. * Diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis. * Knee arthroscopy within the past 3 months or previous surgical history of TKA. * Recent receipt of intra-articular injections (e.g., corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid) within the past 3 months. * Documented history of osteoporotic fracture in hospital or cloud-based medical records. * Type 1 diabetes. * Presence of conditions precluding safe participation in an exercise program, such as unstable cardiovascular disease or severe neurological disorders. * Participation in another interventional clinical trial within the past 3 months. * Engagement in dietary regimens likely to cause significant weight change (e.g., intermittent fasting, such as the 16:8 time-restricted eating) within 1 month prior to trial initiation. * Use of any FDA-approved weight-loss medications (e.g., semaglutide, tirzepatide) within 3 months prior to trial initiation. * History of any form of surgical treatment for weight loss. * Current use of lithium or antipsychotics at a dose equivalent to olanzapine \>20 mg/day. * Pregnant or breastfeeding women, or women of childbearing potential without adequate contraception. * Current malignancy (within the validity period of a catastrophic illness certificate), or any other clinical condition deemed unsuitable for participation by the investigator (investigator discretion). * Inability to use smart devices or telecommunication tools due to severe visual/hearing impairment or lack of internet access.