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Scientists probe why only some smokers develop lung disease

NCT ID NCT04722835

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now This study
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study looks at why some smokers develop COPD while others don't. Researchers will collect lung cells from 40 former smokers using a bronchoscopy and analyze them to find differences in immune cells called macrophages. The goal is to understand the biological reasons behind COPD susceptibility, which could lead to better prevention and treatment in the future.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

What this could lead to
If successful, this research could uncover biological markers that predict which smokers are at risk for COPD, paving the way for future prevention strategies.
What could go wrong
This is a small, early-stage discovery study with only 40 participants, so findings may not apply broadly. It aims to gather data, not test a treatment.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

About 40 people

The number the study aims to enrol. It can still change while the study runs.

Started

Mar 2021

Expected to finish

Dec 2030

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

The investigators will recruit both healthy, non-smoking subjects as well as subjects with at least 20 pack-years of smoking and air trapping.

Ages

40 to 75 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Ages between 40 to 75 years old. * History of at least 20 pack-years of smoking. * No diagnosis of COPD or asthma. * No spirometric evidence of airflow obstruction as determined by FEV1/FVC ratio ≥0.7. * FEV1 and FVC \>lower limit of normal. * Less than 1 pack-year history of tobacco smoking and no tobacco use within the past 12 months. * Subjects will be divided into two groups by their RV/TLC: Normal RV/TLC Group: • Plethysmographic RV/TLC equal or less than lower limit of normal. Abnormal RV/TLC Group: • Plethysmographic RV/TLC higher than lower limit of normal. Exclusion Criteria: * Any history of IV drug use or inhalation of recreational drugs other than marijuana: A- within the past 20 years. B- more than 100 times IV drug usage. C- longer than 1 year usage. * Marijuana use \>400 joints in lifetime or any within past 6 months. * Inability to walk briskly, run on treadmill, or pedal on ergometer to perform the study-required exercise level. * Pregnant/breast feeding. * Serious and active heart conditions- defined by stable or unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction (within the last 2 years), active congestive heart failure, ischemic cardiomyopathy. * Liver cirrhosis. * History of chronic active Hepatitis B or C.

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD, severe early onset nicotine dependence Smoking Tobacco Use

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

COPD Smoking Tobacco use

How to take part

Only the study team decides who joins. These are the ways to reach them.

  1. The places running it

    1 site. The list below names each one and where it is.

  2. The official record

    ClinicalTrials.gov lists the study team's own contact details, including names and phone numbers. We don't republish those.

    Open the record ↗

  3. A doctor treating you

    A doctor who knows your case can contact a study site on your behalf, and can tell you whether this study is worth pursuing at all.

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • San Francisco VA Medical Center

    RECRUITING

    San Francisco, California, 94121, United States

  • University of California, San Francisco

    ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

    San Francisco, California, 94122, United States

  • Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center

    ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

    San Francisco, California, 94110, United States

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