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Virtual pools may help knee replacement patients walk and balance better

NCT ID NCT04241172

Symptom relief Sponsor: IRCCS San Raffaele Roma Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

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Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused This study
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Oct 19, 2026 · Last updated Oct 20, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

Researchers are testing whether rehabilitation with immersive virtual reality that projects aquatic scenes can help people recover after total knee replacement. The trial compares traditional rehabilitation, traditional hydrotherapy, and virtual reality hydrotherapy in 96 patients. They will measure changes in balance, walking speed, and knee swelling to see if the virtual approach is feasible and effective.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
immersive virtual reality rehabilitation with aquatic scenarios
What this could lead to
If it works, this could offer a more engaging way to do rehabilitation after knee replacement, possibly improving balance and walking without a real pool.
What could go wrong
This is a small, non-randomized trial, so any benefits may not hold up in larger studies. Virtual reality rehab may not suit everyone, and some people find the equipment uncomfortable or disorienting.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

About 96 people

The number the study aims to enrol. It can still change while the study runs.

Started

Feb 2020

Expected to finish

Nov 2026

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 to 85 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

The inclusion criteria are: * Aged ≤ 85; * Capacity to consent and to perform the exercises of the specific protocol; * Patients with total knee prosthesis. The exclusion criteria are: * Failure to meet the inclusion criteria; * Concomitant participation in other studies; * Unicompartmental knee prostheses; * Surgery without drainage; * Wound complications; * Cognitive disorders; * Diagnosis of epilepsy; * Lack of written informed consent;

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

osteoarthritis, knee

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Knee osteoarthritis Total knee replacement

How to take part

Only the study team decides who joins. These are the ways to reach them.

  1. The places running it

    1 site. The list below names each one and where it is.

  2. The official record

    The full official record for this study. This one lists no contact details, but it is the first place any would appear.

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  3. A doctor treating you

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Contacts and locations

Locations

  • IRCCS San Raffele

    Rome, RM, 00166, Italy

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