Handheld ultrasound could spot hidden graft failures during bypass surgery

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 18 years or older. * Confirmed coronary artery disease and scheduled to undergo elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. * Able and willing to provide written informed consent before any study-specific procedures are performed. Exclusion Criteria: * Urgent, emergency, or salvage coronary artery bypass grafting. * Prolonged preoperative fasting, as defined in the study protocol, or inability to maintain adequate oral intake without enteral or parenteral nutritional support. * History of malignancy. * Body weight below 50 kg. * Preoperative hemodynamic instability requiring ongoing resuscitation or mechanical circulatory support, including intra-aortic balloon pump, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or left ventricular assist device support. * Endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation before surgery. * Impaired consciousness, clinically significant central nervous system dysfunction, or evidence of cerebral malperfusion after hospital admission. * End-stage renal disease requiring maintenance dialysis before hospital admission. * Severe pulmonary disease considered to preclude tolerance of elective coronary artery bypass grafting or to confer an unacceptably high perioperative risk. * Severe peripheral vascular disease or clinical evidence of limb malperfusion before surgery. * History of gastrointestinal ulceration or chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease. * Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease, or long-term treatment with systemic corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. * Active infection or sepsis at screening. * Severe uncontrolled arrhythmia requiring urgent treatment or expected to cause marked intraoperative hemodynamic instability. * Previous cardiac surgery requiring repeat median sternotomy. * Planned concomitant major cardiac or aortic surgery, including valve surgery, congenital heart defect repair, or aortic surgery. * Inability to understand the study information or unwillingness or inability to provide written informed consent. * Inability or unwillingness to complete follow-up at 30 ± 7 days after surgery. * Pregnancy or breastfeeding.