Spinal injection vs. nerve block: which eases chest surgery pain better?

This study looked at 70 adults having video-assisted chest surgery to compare two pain relief methods: a numbing injection near the spine (thoracic paravertebral block) and a small dose of morphine into the spinal fluid (intrathecal morphine). The goal was to see if the spinal morphine works as well as the nerve block in reducing the need for extra pain medicine in the first 24 hours after surgery. Participants received one of the two treatments before surgery and had their pain and recovery tracked for up to 30 days.