Nerve gliding or back manipulation: which eases knee pain better?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age of the subjects is between 18-35 years. * BMI will be from 18.5 to ≤ 29.5 Kg/m2 * Anterior or retro patellar knee pain either on the dominant or non- dominant leg for at least 6 weeks duration . * Worst pain level in the previous month of up to 3cm on a 10cm numerical rating scale (NRS) * Per or retropatellar pain during at least 2 of the following activities: squatting, prolonged sitting, kneeling, running, jumping and climbing stairs * Showing 2 or more positive signs on the following clinical tests: Clarke's sign, Waldron test, active patellar grind test, patellar compression test, and palpation of the medial/lateral articular border of the patella . * Patients had positive femoral slump test with limited active lumber ROM. Exclusion Criteria: * History of previous knee surgery and any knee pathology (meniscus tear, patellar tendinopathy, ligament sprain and osteoarthritis) . * Any systemic diseases and/or connective tissue disorders . * Bursitis and ligament tears . * Lower back dysfunction such as disc lesion, sciatica or spondylolisthesis. * participants that had undergone physiotherapy during the preceding 3 month. * Pregnant women. * Osteoporosis or recent fracture of the hip or spinal joints.• . Radiographic evidence or medical diagnosis of spinal instability (Grade II spondylolithesis or greater), spondyloarthritides, or severe spinal misalignment * Nervous system disease or disorder * .Lumbosacral nerve root compression (any of the following signs present) a. Positive straight leg raise (SLR) test less than 45°, marked paresis (\<3/5 on manual muscle testing) involving a major muscle group of the lower extremity, diminished, and asymmetric (lower than uninvolved side), lower extremity muscle stretch reflex and diminished or absent sensation to pinprick in any lower extremity dermatome (D'Agati M 2022).