Knee surgery study: does epidural anesthesia raise brain pressure?

This study looked at 60 adults having total knee replacement to see if epidural anesthesia temporarily changes pressure inside the head. Researchers used ultrasound to measure the optic nerve sheath diameter, a non-invasive way to check brain pressure. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either epidural or spinal anesthesia, and measurements were taken before, during, and after surgery. The goal was to understand how the volume of anesthetic affects the optic nerve, not to treat any condition.