Scientists collect blood samples to unlock secrets of immune rebuilding after transplant

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Arm A: The study population will include subjects selected from all patients presenting to the clinical services of the Division of Hematology or Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. As a result, this group will consist of a diverse assortment including subjects ranging in age from late adolescence to approximately age 75; individuals of both sexes; and a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds. This will include patients with a broad range of hematologic malignancies and bone marrow failure states. We will attempt to study a broad range of patients and not exclude subjects on the basis of sex, ethnicity, age, or disease status in order to derive a more complete understanding of variables important in immune reconstitution. It is expected that up to 10 patients each month may be eligible for this study. Up to 200 patients may be enrolled in this arm. * Arm B: The study population will include subjects selected from all patients presenting to the clinical services of the Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program as donors or recipients for SCT or cellular therapy. As a result, this group will consist of a diverse assortment including subjects ranging in age from late adolescence to approximately age 75; individuals of both sexes; and a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds. All donors will have been cleared for clinical marrow or peripheral blood stem cell donation, and will be expected to be generally healthy. * Recipients will include patients with a broad range of malignancies and will be among those selected as clinically fit to undergo SCT. Pregnant women will not be included among recipients, but may be present among donor subjects unless contraindicated for clinical purposes. For purposes of optimizing specific laboratory assays, subjects may be chosen on the basis of known serologic status (e.g., those with a history of positive immunoglobulin G (lgG) indicating a history of infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV), for assays of CMV-specific T cell function). While it may not be possible to study each patient presenting as a SCT recipient or donor, we will attempt to study a broad range of patients and not exclude subjects on the basis of sex, ethnicity, age, or disease status in order to derive a more complete understanding of variables important in immune reconstitution following SCT. It is expected that up to 6 patients each month may be eligible for this study. * Arm C: The study population will include patients undergoing Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy. This group of patients will include subjects ranging in age from late adolescence and adults of all ages, individuals of both sexes, and a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds. It is expected that up to 6 patients each month may be eligible for this arm of the study. 1. Age \> 18 years old 2. Enrollment for treatment with Anti-tumor T cells including either CARs, T-cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), or Tregs, or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). 3. White Blood Cell count \> 100 k/microliter (uL). Patients will be screened based on their enrollment and planned treatment with T cells. Up to 1 month prior to conditioning chemotherapy baseline samples will be collected, which can be pre-infusion product or blood samples. Post T cell infusion samples will be collected and this study will include fresh, non-cryopreserved cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),and/or bone marrow (BM), and/or blood and/or serum obtained from patients treated with adoptively transferred T cells. Patient PHI information will be stored on a password protected computer and the database file will be password protected to maximize security of protected health information (PHI). This file will be accessible by the study investigators. * Arm D: The goal of this aim is to study groups of subjects to understand immune function in individuals without cancer, as a reference group for studies of patients with cancer (including those receiving hematopoietic cell transplants and immune effector cell therapies). We also expect that these studies will have value independently to derive an understanding of protective human immunity in patients without cancer, but in relation to pathogen-specific immunity. This includes immunity to chronic viral infections (e.g., the herpesviruses that include Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and varicella zoster virus (VZV)), to epidemic and pandemic viruses (e.g., seasonal influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) and to other pathogens (e.g., measles) that are important targets of antiviral immunity. Exclusion Criteria: * Arms A, B, D: There are no exclusion criteria for this study. * Arm C: 1. Pregnancy