Can balance training help diabetic neuropathy patients avoid falls?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Individuals with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) (Bolen et al., 2016). * Participants with a diabetes duration of more than 10 years (Grewal et al., 2015). * Participants exhibiting signs and symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (such as numbness, tingling, burning, shooting or electric shock-like pain, and glove-and-stocking distribution), confirmed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument with scores of 6-8 (patient version) and 2.5-4 (physical assessment) (Haque et al., 2022). * Participants aged between 40 and 75 years (Rasool et al., 2024). * Both male and female participants will be eligible for inclusion (Haleem et al., 2024). * Participants currently using insulin-sensitizing medications (e.g., metformin, Diamicron, insulin). * Participants who are able to stand and walk independently (Allin et al., 2020). * Participants with a Berg Balance Scale score ranging from 25 to 40 (Phyu et al., 2022). * Participants willing to provide informed consent (Lepesis et al., 2023). Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) will be excluded (Daud et al., 2021). * Those with cognitive deficits (such as dementia or Alzheimer's disease) that may interfere with comprehension or compliance with study procedures will not be included (Hatton et al., 2019). * Individuals presenting with foot drop or other neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, myelopathy, or cerebellar ataxia) that could affect the study findings will be excluded (Khurshid et al., 2025). * Patients who have recently undergone surgery, sustained trauma to the feet or lower limbs, or have any foot amputation will not be eligible (Collings et al., 2023). * Individuals diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis or orthostatic hypotension will be excluded (Khurshid et al., 2025). * Patients with active diabetic foot ulcers or notable musculoskeletal deformities (such as scoliosis or degenerative joint disease) will be excluded (Lepesis et al., 2023). * Individuals with neuropathy unrelated to diabetes, including cases associated with alcohol use or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, will not be included. * Participants taking medications that may provoke vertigo or disturb balance (for example, aspirin) will be excluded.