SMOKERS

This study looked at whether different types of trunk (core) muscle exercises can improve lung function in heavy smokers aged 20 to 45. Researchers compared isometric exercises (holding a position) with isotonic exercises (moving through a range of motion) over a period of time. …

This study looked at 105 babies to see how tobacco use during pregnancy affects their health from birth up to 24 months. Researchers compared babies whose mothers quit smoking while pregnant to those who continued. They checked things like Apgar scores, growth, development, and h…

This study looked at how smoking affects the blood vessels in the back of the eye. Researchers compared 20 healthy smokers with 20 non-smokers, using special eye scans to measure vessel size and response to light. The goal was to understand the immediate effects of smoking on eye…

This study looked at 90 adult smokers with breathing issues to see if a simple questionnaire called the CAT score could detect early airway problems before COPD develops. Researchers compared CAT scores with lung function tests, exercise ability, and body mass index. The goal was…

This study looked at how different intensities of breathing muscle training affect heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle strength in 34 young male smokers aged 18-25. Participants did one session of inspiratory muscle training at varying levels. The goal was to measure immediate…