SMOKERS

This study tested whether two different types of core muscle training could improve lung function in heavy smokers. Researchers compared static (isometric) exercises to dynamic (isotonic) exercises in 90 participants. The goal was to see which method was more effective at helping…

This study looked at how smoking affects the tiny blood vessels in the back of the eye. Researchers compared 20 young adult smokers to 20 non-smokers using special eye scans. They measured changes in blood vessel size and function right after smoking to understand smoking's immed…

This study looked at the immediate effects of a single session of breathing muscle training in young men who smoke. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned to do breathing exercises at either a low or moderate intensity. Researchers measured changes in breathing strength,…

This study looked back at health records to see if babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had worse health than babies whose mothers quit. Researchers compared 105 babies on things like birth scores, growth, development, and breastfeeding. The goal was to gather more eviden…