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Double antibiotic attack could beat typhoid resistance

NCT ID NCT04349826

Disease control Sponsor: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 25, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This study tested whether a combination of two antibiotics (azithromycin and cefixime) works better than azithromycin alone for treating uncomplicated typhoid fever in South Asia. Over 2,100 patients took part across Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Researchers measured treatment failure within 28 days, including persistent fever, complications, or positive blood cultures. The goal is to find a more effective treatment that can overcome growing antibiotic resistance.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
Azithromycin and cefixime combination
What this could lead to
If the combination works better, it could provide a more effective treatment for typhoid fever and help overcome antibiotic resistance in South Asia.
What could go wrong
This is a completed Phase 4 trial, but the combination may not be significantly better than azithromycin alone. Antibiotic resistance patterns vary, so results may not apply everywhere.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Phase 4

Runs after approval, following long-term safety and how well the treatment works in everyday use.

Participants

2,150 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

May 2021

Finished

Dec 2025

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

2 to 65 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * A history of fever at presentation for ≥ 72 hours and a documented fever (≥37.5oC (axillary) or ≥38oC (oral)) * Age ≥ 2 years (and ≥ 10kg) to 65 years * No clear focus of infection on initial clinical evaluation * Malaria rapid Diagnostic test( RDT) negative; dengue nonstructural protein(NS) 1 RDT negative; scrub typhus RDT negative; c-reactive protein(CRP) rapid test ≥10 mg/L * Able to take oral treatment * Able to attend for follow-up and can be contacted by telephone * Written fully informed consent to participate in the study including assent for children in addition to parental/legal guardian consent. Exclusion Criteria: * History of fever for \>14 days * Pregnant or positive pregnancy test or breast-feeding * Presence of clinical symptoms or signs indicating a focal infection such as pneumonia; urinary infection, meningitis, eschar * Obtundation, haemodynamic shock, visible jaundice, gastrointestinal bleeding or any signs of severe disease that may require immediate hospitalisation * Being treated for TB or HIV or severe acute malnutrition * Patients with cardiac disease * Patient requiring intravenous antibiotics for any reason * Previous history of hypersensitivity to any of the treatment options * Either of the trial drugs are contraindicated for any reason (e.g. drug interactions) * Has received azithromycin or cefixime in the last five days * Receiving another antimicrobial and responding clinically to the treatment as judged by the attending clinician.

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

typhoid fever

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Typhoid fever

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Patan Hospital

    Lalitpur, Bagmati, Nepal

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.