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Could fewer antibiotics be better for MAC lung disease?

NCT ID NCT03672630

Disease control Sponsor: Kevin Winthrop Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 25, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 2 times

Summary

This study tested whether taking two antibiotics instead of three is just as effective for treating a lung infection called MAC, while causing fewer side effects. 474 adults with MAC lung disease were randomly assigned to receive either two or three drugs for 12 months. The goal was to see if the two-drug regimen could clear the infection and be easier to tolerate.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
Azithromycin, Ethambutol, Rifampin
What this could lead to
If successful, this could show that a two-drug regimen works as well as three drugs, with fewer side effects for patients with MAC lung disease.
What could go wrong
This is a completed Phase 2/3 trial, but results may not apply to all patients, and reducing drugs could lower effectiveness in some cases.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Phase 2/3

Runs two stages together: whether the treatment works, then large-scale confirmation.

Participants

474 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Feb 2019

Finished

Jan 2026

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Culture positive pulmonary MAC meeting ATS/IDSA disease criteria * Age over 18 years * Ability to provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Fibrocavitary disease * Planned surgery for MAC disease * Patients who have cumulatively taken 6 weeks or more of multi-drug antimicrobial treatment for MAC * Patients who are currently taking or have taken multi-drug antimicrobial treatment for NTM within the prior 30 days * Diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis * Diagnosis of HIV * History of solid organ or hematologic transplant * Significant drug-drug interaction not clinically manageable in the opinion of the investigator * Contraindication to any component of the study treatment regimen

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

mycobacterial infectious disease Mycobacterium avium complex disease Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Mycobacterium avium complex Nontuberculous mycobacterium infection

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Columbia University Medical Center

    New York, New York, 10032, United States

  • Emory University

    Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States

  • Johns Hopkins University

    Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States

  • Kaiser Permanente Hawaii

    Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817, United States

  • Loma Linda University Medical Center

    Loma Linda, California, 92354, United States

  • Louisina State University

    New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, United States

  • Mayo Clinic

    Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States

  • Medical University of South Carolina

    Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, United States

  • National Jewish Health

    Denver, Colorado, 80206, United States

  • New York University

    New York, New York, 10016, United States

  • Northwell Health

    Manhasset, New York, 11030, United States

  • Oregon Health & Science University

    Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States

  • Stanford University

    Stanford, California, 94305, United States

  • Tampa VA Medical Center

    Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States

  • Temple University

    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140, United States

  • University Health Network

    Toronto, Ontario, M5T2S8, Canada

  • University of California, San Diego

    San Diego, California, 92103, United States

  • University of California, San Francisco

    San Francisco, California, 94110, United States

  • University of Iowa

    Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States

  • University of Kansas

    Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States

  • University of Miami

    Miami, Florida, 33136, United States

  • University of North Carolina

    Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States

  • University of Texas Health Science Center

    Tyler, Texas, 75708, United States

  • University of Washington

    Seattle, Washington, 98104, United States

  • University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health

    Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States

  • Vancouver Clinic

    Vancouver, Washington, 98664, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.