Could a repurposed drug boost brain recovery after severe injury?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adults (18-65 years of age, inclusive) 2. Head injury warranting clinical evaluation with a non-contrast cranial CT based on American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) clinical policy for TBI imaging. 3. Able to receive investigational product within 24 hours of head injury. 4. Closest, prior to randomization GCS score of 3 to 12 (motor score \< 6) 5. Evidence of TBI on imaging, confirmed by: * Evidence of contusion and/or * Evidence of traumatic axonal microvascular injury (TAMVI) 6. Initial Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) blood level ≥ 1000 pg/mL ≤ 15000 pg/mL determined using a for Research Use Only (RUO) assay(s) or an Investigation Use Only (IUO) assay(s) 7. Participants able to undergo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, no contraindications 8. Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) willing and able to provide informed consent 9. Participant/LAR able to read, speak, and understand English Exclusion Criteria: 1. Isolated epidural hematoma 2. Bilaterally fixed dilated pupils in the absence of paralytic medications, or evidence of herniation on cranial CT 3. Pre-existing conditions including disabling developmental, neurologic, psychiatric, medical disorder that continues to produce functional disability up to the time of injury; or imminent death based on clinical judgement 4. Order for comfort care placed prior to enrollment 5. Current enrollment in another interventional study 6. Currently pregnant or currently breastfeeding or planning on becoming pregnant in the next 6M 7. Current incarceration or in custody 8. On psychiatric hold (e.g. codes 5150, 5250) 9. Ongoing pre-injury therapy with the Investigational Product (IP), currently receiving immunosuppressive therapy, chemotherapy, or any contraindicated medications (see CsA Drug contraindications/caution table in the Pharmacy Manual) 10. Current or medical history of any allergic reactions and/or anaphylactic reactions towards cyclosporine (CsA) and cremophor (also known as kolliphor®) 11. Severe polytrauma or previous conditions that would preclude conducting any study activities 12. Any spinal cord injury of grade A to D on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale 13. Primary diagnosis at the enrolling facility of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke 14. Body Mass Index (BMI) \>35 15. Hemodynamic instability, per participating site physician investigator clinical judgement 16. Current or medical history of nephrectomy, renal dysfunction, significant renal failure, or high-risk for renal failure, defined as: * Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) or estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (\<60 mL/minute/1.73 m2) * Major rhabdomyolysis with creatine kinase \> 5,000 IU/L 17. Current or medical history of hepatic disease (e.g., liver laceration at time of injury with Abbreviated Injury Scale for Liver Lacerations \> 1); cirrhosis), or serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value \>3 times the upper limit of normal lab value at the screening/baseline visit. 18. Current or medical history of serious chronic viral or fungal infection. 19. Current or medical history of active mycobacterial infection or anti-tuberculous treatment. 20. Medical history of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B surface antigen, or hepatitis C virus antibody. 21. Any significant disease or disorder (including abnormal laboratory tests) which, in the opinion of the participating site investigator, may either put the patient at risk because of participation in the study, or may influence the results of the study. 22. Low likelihood of follow up or study compliance, or any other reason, in the opinion of the participating site investigator, the participants should not participate in the study.