Brain zaps to sharpen bipolar minds: new trial tests quick fix for foggy thinking

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1: Age between 18 and 45 years; 2: Right-handed; 3: Meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for bipolar disorder and are currently in a stable remission phase; 4: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 24-item (HAMD-24) score \< 8; 5: Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score \<= 7; 6: The participant and his/her legal guardian are willing to comply with the treatment procedures and provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1: Diagnosis of another primary psychiatric disorder judged by the investigators to be the predominant condition, with functional impairment exceeding that attributable to bipolar disorder; 2: Comorbid psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorders, anxiety spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, or substance use (dependence/abuse); 3: Inability to complete self-report symptom rating scales or the CANTAB cognitive assessment; 4: Prominent suicidal ideation (item 3 of the HAMD-24 \>= 2); 5: History of severe physical illness or other medical conditions that may affect the central nervous system; 6: Neurological disorders or risk factors for seizures, such as a history of intracranial disease, head injury, abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of structural brain abnormalities, or a family history of epilepsy; 8: Contraindications to MRI or transcranial magnetic stimulation, such as the presence of metallic or electronic implants (e.g., intracranial metallic foreign bodies, cochlear implants, cardiac pacemakers, vascular stents); 9: Receipt of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) within 6 months prior to study enrollment; 10: Currently undergoing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), or other neuromodulatory interventions; 11: Pregnant or breastfeeding women, and women of childbearing potential with a positive urine pregnancy test.