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Synthetic vs. natural nicotine: which hits harder?

NCT ID NCT05962229

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now This study
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 24, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This study looks at how the body handles synthetic nicotine compared to natural nicotine from tobacco. Eighteen experienced e-cigarette users will vape three different nicotine blends in a controlled setting. Researchers will measure nicotine levels in the blood, heart effects, cravings, and how much people vape. The goal is to see if synthetic nicotine acts differently, which could matter for regulation and product safety.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
synthetic nicotine (R-nicotine and S-nicotine) in e-liquid
What this could lead to
If successful, this could help regulators understand whether synthetic nicotine behaves differently from natural nicotine, potentially informing future policies on e-cigarette ingredients.
What could go wrong
This is a very small, early-phase study with only 18 participants, so results may not apply to the general population. It measures short-term effects only, not long-term health outcomes.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Phase 1

The first testing in people. Mainly checks safety and dose, usually in a small group.

Participants

About 18 people

The number the study aims to enrol. It can still change while the study runs.

Started

Dec 2024

Expected to finish

May 2027

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

21 to 65 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy on the basis of medical history and limited physical examination. * Current regular user of E-Cigarettes (≥ 15 days in the past 30 days) Exclusion Criteria: * • Medications * Use of medications that are inducers of nicotine metabolizing enzyme CYP2A6 (Example: rifampicin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and other anticonvulsant drugs). * Use of sympatholytic medications for cardiovascular conditions including hypertension (Example: beta and alpha-blockers). * Concurrent use of nicotine-containing medications (Example: nicotine patch, lozenge, gum). * Any stimulant medications (example: Adderall) generally given for ADHD treatment. • Pregnancy * Pregnancy (self-reported and urine pregnancy test) * Breastfeeding (determined by self-report) * Women of childbearing potential must be using an acceptable method of contraception * Inability to read and write in English * A known propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin allergy * Uncomfortable with getting blood drawn

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

nicotine dependence Vaping

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Nicotine dependence Nicotine vaping

How to take part

Only the study team decides who joins. These are the ways to reach them.

  1. The places running it

    1 site. The list below names each one and where it is.

  2. The official record

    ClinicalTrials.gov lists the study team's own contact details, including names and phone numbers. We don't republish those.

    Open the record ↗

  3. A doctor treating you

    A doctor who knows your case can contact a study site on your behalf, and can tell you whether this study is worth pursuing at all.

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG)

    RECRUITING

    San Francisco, California, 94110, United States

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