Can surgery beat diabetes in teens? new study investigates

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Obese youth with and without T2D (≥50 kg) scheduled for VSG * Weight \<550 lbs. * BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 * Age 12-21 years * HbA1c ≤ 12% for participants with T2D, HbA1c \< 6.5% for participants with obesity Exclusion Criteria: * Obesity or T2D onset (diagnosis) \> 18 years of age * Prepubertal * Anemia * For participants undergoing the optional Parts 2-4 of visits 2 and 4, seafood or iodine allergy * Pregnancy or breastfeeding * Claustrophobia, implantable devices (MRI contraindications) * Recent diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemia * Other causes of diabetes other than T2D * For participants undergoing the optional Parts 2-4 of visits 2 and 4, diuretics, sodium-glucose co-transport (SGLT) 2 or 1 blockers, daily NSAIDs or aspirin, sulfonamides, procaine, thiazolsulfone or probenecid, atypical antipsychotics or regular use of oral steroids Additional exclusion criteria for participants undergoing Visit 4 part 4, the optional kidney biopsy: * Evidence of bleeding disorder or complications from bleeding * Use of aspirin, NSAIDS or other blood thinner that cannot be safely stopped for a sufficient time period before and after the biopsy so as to add no additional risk of bleeding * Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) \> 80 gm/dL * INR \> 1.4 * PTT \> 35 seconds * Hemoglobin (Hgb) \< 10 mg/dL * Platelet count \< 100,000 / µL * Uncontrolled or difficult to control hypertension (\> 150/90 mmHg at the day of biopsy) * eGFR \< 40 mL/min/1.73m2 * Single kidney (either by history, documented by prior imaging or ultrasound performed prior to the biopsy) * \> 2 cm discrepancy between left and right kidney sizes based on largest longitudinal diameter determined by ultrasound performed prior to the biopsy. * Kidney size: One or both kidneys \< 9 cm * Hydronephrosis or other important renal ultrasound findings such as significant stone disease * Any evidence of a current urinary tract infection as indicated on day of biopsy * Clinical evidence of non-diabetic renal disease * Positive urine pregnancy test or pregnancy