Bone-Delivered antibiotics could spare joint infection patients from repeat surgeries

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria (to be completed at time of consent) I. Acute perioperative periprosthetic infection in the first 90 days following primary surgery OR, II. Acute hematogenous infection with symptoms less than four weeks OR, III. Any patient with a chronic periprosthetic knee infection, or a prosthetic knee that is considered unresectable due to the presence of extremely difficult to extract implants such as cones/sleeves/or long cemented or cementless stems and indicated for an irrigation debridement procedure. IV. Patients indicated for an irrigation debridement procedure of a knee periprosthetic knee joint infection as defined by the inclusion criteria noted above with a gram positive organism susceptible to vancomycin, defined as: 1. A sinus communicating with the prosthesis, OR 2. Two positive cultures obtained from the prosthesis, OR 3. 3 of 5 criteria: i. Elevated ESR (\>30mm/hr) and CRP (\>10mg/L) ii. Elevated synovial leukocyte count (\>3000 cells/µL) or change of ++ on leukocyte esterase strip iii. Elevated synovial neutrophil percentage (\>80%) iv. One positive culture v. Positive histological analysis of periprosthetic tissue (\>5 neutrophils per high power field in 5 high power fields x400) We understand that on occasion, irrigation \& debridement is performed emergently, therefore enrollment may continue without all laboratory/cultures completed. All inclusion criteria in this situation will be confirmed postoperatively. V. Any patient \>18 years old Exclusion Criteria I. Surgical wound that cannot be closed. II. Patients with an acute PJI greater than 90 days following primary surgery (using standard implants). III. Hematogenous infection with symptoms greater than four weeks IV. Know hypersensitivity to Vancomycin V. Major Renal disease defined as creatinine \> 2.0 (See previous comments, No Red Man syndrome in 2 subsequent studies on intraosseous vancomycin in revision TKA and High BMI patients respectively (9). Additionally, systemic levels were 8 times lower with intraosseous antibiotics than IV Vancomycin.) VI. Unable to use a tourniquet due to vascular disease VII. Pregnant women VIII. Allergy to antibiotic Screen Failure (following initial procedure): IX. Culture negative infections whereby the infecting organism was not identified OR X. Vancomycin-resistant organisms