Liquid vs. solid: which meal keeps you fuller longer?

This study looked at whether a liquid meal (like a protein shake) makes you less full and leads to eating more at the next meal compared to a semi-solid meal (like oatmeal) with the same calories and nutrients. Twenty healthy adults spent time in a special room that measures energy use, and they ate different breakfasts to see how it affected their lunch intake. The goal was to understand how food texture influences appetite and calorie balance.