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Liquid or solid? study reveals how meal texture tricks your appetite

NCT ID NCT06853249

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: University of Kiel Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study looked at how liquid versus semi-solid meals influence appetite and calorie intake in 20 healthy adults. Participants ate either a liquid meal or oatmeal with the same calories and nutrients, then later ate as much lunch as they wanted. Researchers measured how full people felt, how fast their stomach emptied, and how many calories they ate at the next meal. The goal is to understand if food texture plays a role in controlling appetite and energy balance.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

What this could lead to
If successful, this study could help design meals that better control appetite and support weight management.
What could go wrong
This is a small, completed study in healthy volunteers, not a treatment trial. Findings may not apply to people with health conditions or different diets.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

20 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Apr 2025

Finished

Mar 2026

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 to 35 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * healthy males and females * Body Mass Index between 19-35 kg/m2 * low to medium habitual physical activity * women with regular menstrual cycle (during intervention in follicular phase) Exclusion Criteria: * smoking (cigarettes + cannabis) * chronic illnesses * regular intake of medication * Anemia and/or iron deficiency * food allergies / intolerances * vegans * regular high physical activity (exercise \>1 hour/d) * current weight loss diet / weight loss of \>5 kg in the last 3 months * restraint eaters (according to the German version of the 'Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire', Stunkard und Messick (1985)) * active participation in another trial * pregnant / lactating women * persons incapable of giving informed legal consent

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

nutritional disorder

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Healthy male and female subjects Nutrition

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition

    Kiel, Germany

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Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.