Sound wave therapy shows promise for arthritis inflammation

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Healthy Volunteer Population Inclusion Criteria: * 22-75 years of age * Weigh at least 40 kg Exclusion Criteria: * Any physical disabilities, conditions, or diseases that limit the capacity to participate in study procedures or increase the risk of harm as determined by the study PI * Unable to provide informed consent * Active bacterial or viral infection * Class II obesity with a BMI of 35 or higher * Pregnant women or those trying to become pregnant * Active use of tobacco/nicotine products * History of substance use disorder or active regular use of substances (nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, psychedelics, stimulants, etc.) * Splenomegaly, asplenia, or splenectomy Inflammatory Arthritis Population Inclusion Criteria: * 22-75 years of age * Weigh at least 40 kg * Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, or Axial Spondyloarthritis of at least 6 months duration as defined by ACR guidelines * Able to continue the same stable dose of immunomodulatory medication(s) while participating in the study Exclusion Criteria: * Unable to provide informed consent * Took a JAK inhibitor within the last 4 weeks, or likely to start one while participating in this study * Started a conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD) within the last 8 weeks or had a change in prescription within the last 4 week * Started a Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) inhibitor within the last 5 months or had a change in prescription within the last 3 months * Started any other biologic or targeted synthetic DMARD within the last 3 months, or likely to start one while participating in the study * Started a corticosteroid, had a change in prescription, or on a stable dose = or \> 10 mg of prednisone daily within the last 4 weeks * Regular use of epinephrine like medications (cold, cough, congestion, or sinus medications, bronchodilators, appetite suppressants) * Active use of tobacco/nicotine products * History of substance use disorder or likely use of substances during the study period (marijuana, opioids/heroin, cocaine, psychedelics, methamphetamine, etc.) * Active bacterial or viral infection * Receiving chemotherapy or immunotherapy to treat malignancy * Significant immunodeficiency due to underlying illness * Class II obesity with a BMI of 35 or higher * Pregnant women or those trying to become pregnant * Wound, rash, infection, or traumatic injury over the target area * Vagal nerve injury or vagotomy * Surgery or major traumatic injury in the past 90 days * Chronically-implanted medical devices (i.e. pacemaker, AICD, vagus nerve stimulator, spinal cord stimulator) * Clinically significant cardiovascular disease * CKD Stage 3 or higher * Uncontrolled fibromyalgia or other diffuse pain syndromes