Knee surgery showdown: which ACL fix works best?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria for the ACL Reconstruction Group * Age 18-40 years * History of complete ACL rupture treated with ACL reconstruction * Surgery performed at Gazi University Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology * At least 12 months postoperative at the time of evaluation * Ability to comply with all study procedures * Signed informed consent Exclusion Criteria for the ACL Reconstruction Group * Previous surgery for partial or chronic ACL tear * Concomitant multi-ligament knee injuries * Prior surgery on the ipsilateral or contralateral knee * Lower extremity malalignment (e.g., significant varus/valgus) * Tibial avulsion-type ACL injury * Neurological or musculoskeletal disorders affecting lower limb function * Any medical condition that may interfere with test performance or safety Inclusion Criteria for the Primary ACL Repair Group * Age 18-40 years * Complete ACL rupture treated with arthroscopic primary ACL repair * Surgery performed at Gazi University Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology * Minimum 12 months postoperative at the time of assessment A-bility to follow and complete study procedures * Signed informed consent Exclusion Criteria for the Primary ACL Repair Group * Previous surgery for partial or chronic ACL injury * Multi-ligament knee injuries * History of surgery on either knee * Lower extremity malalignment * Tibial avulsion-type ACL rupture * Neuromuscular or musculoskeletal diseases affecting lower limb function or balance * Any condition that may affect participation or compromise safety Inclusion Criteria for the Healthy Control Group * Age 18-40 years * No significant lower-extremity malalignment (e.g., varus/valgus deformity) * No history of lower-extremity injury within the past 12 months * No known chronic systemic disease * No history of knee surgery or diagnosed knee pathology * Ability to understand and comply with study procedures * Signed informed consent Exclusion Criteria for the Healthy Control Group * Presence of clinically significant lower-extremity malalignment * Lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury within the last 12 months * Any chronic systemic or metabolic disease * History of knee injury, knee surgery, or diagnosed knee pathology * Neurological, vestibular, or musculoskeletal disorder affecting balance or gait * Inability to complete study procedures