Pulsed electric fields take aim at irregular heartbeats

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years and ≤75 years, without gender restriction * Patients with symptomatic, recurrent, drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation * Subjects scheduled for atrial fibrillation catheter ablation * Subjects who agree to participate in this study and voluntarily sign the informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: * Persistent atrial fibrillation, or atrial fibrillation secondary to electrolyte disturbance, thyroid disease, alcohol or other reversible/non-cardiac causes * Anterior-posterior left atrial diameter (measured by MRI, CT or TTE) ≥55 mm * Prior history of any atrial surgery or atrial endocardial/epicardial ablation, except cavotricuspid isthmus ablation or right-sided supraventricular tachycardia ablation * Existing left atrial thrombus, atrial myxoma, atrial septal patch or shunt device * Prior or planned concomitant left atrial appendage closure procedure at index procedure * Diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy * History of congenital heart disease with residual anatomical or conduction abnormalities * Hemodynamically significant valvular heart disease judged by investigator to be ineligible for enrollment * Prior valve repair or valve replacement surgery * Implanted pacemaker, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy device * NYHA functional class Ⅲ-Ⅳ * Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% * Symptomatic hypotension or uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \>160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>95 mmHg in two baseline measurements) * Symptomatic resting bradycardia or type-second-degree or third-degree atrioventricular block * Contraindication to systemic anticoagulation, or unwillingness to receive systemic anticoagulation * Medical conditions that may interfere with study participation, assessment or treatment, significantly increase study-related risk, or alter study outcomes, including but not limited to: moderate-to-severe COPD, moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension, or diseases causing severe dyspnea or resting hypoxemia; renal insufficiency (eGFR\<30 ml/min/1.73 m²) or history of hemodialysis or renal transplantation; active malignancy or treated malignancy within 24 months prior to enrollment (excluding basal cell or squamous cell skin carcinoma); active systemic infection * Myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure hospitalization within 3 months prior to enrollment; any cardiac interventional or open-heart surgery within 1 month prior to enrollment (coronary angiography excluded) * Stroke (excluding silent stroke), transient ischemic attack or any thromboembolic event within 3 months prior to enrollment * Expected survival less than 1 year * Female subjects who are pregnant, lactating, or planning pregnancy during study period * Participation in another interventional device clinical trial within 1 month before enrollment, or within 5 half-lives of last study drug for drug clinical trials * Any other condition judged by investigator to make the subject unsuitable for this clinical trial