Can a new drug duo outsmart a tough childhood leukemia?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Eligible patients must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Children under 18 years of age on the day of signing the informed consent form, and able to swallow the oral drugs during the study period. 2. Subjects who are diagnosed with Ph+ALL, and are resistant or intolerant to at least one TKI. If the subject has BCR-ABL1 T315I mutation, prior use of TKIs will not be considered. Drug resistance includes disease recurrence and refractory disease. Relapse: Presence of blasts \> 5% in peripheral blood or bone marrow or presence of extramedullary disease following CR. Refractory disease: Failure to have CR or incomplete remission (CRi) at the end of induction therapy. Intolerance refers to ≥ grade 3 non-hematological toxicity or ≥ grade 4 hematological toxicity in subjects which is at least possibly related to the last TKI treatment, lasts for \> 2 weeks, and leads to TKI withdrawal. 3. Informed consent of parents or legal guardians should be obtained before any study activities. 4. For patients \>16 years of age, Karnofsky performance status score ≥ 50; for patients ≤ 16 years of age, Lansky performance status score ≥ 50. 5. Life expectancy of ≥ 3 months. 6. For female patients of childbearing potential, urine β-HCG is negative. 7. The following laboratory values must be met (reference ranges based on age and gender of children): 1. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥70 mL/min/1.73 m2 based on Schwartz formula, or normal serum creatinine determined based on age and gender 2. Serum albumin ≥ 3.0 g/dL 3. Total bilirubin \< 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) 4. ALT and AST \< 5 × ULN 5. Serum amylase and lipase ≤ 2 × ULN 6. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ≤ 1.5 × ULN 7. Left ventricular ejection fraction of the heart is within the reference range 8. Participants must meet the following criteria related to prior or current treatment: 1. Patients on hydroxycarbamide for lowering cell counts: Discontinue hydroxycarbamide for at least 24 hours before initiating olverembatinib therapy 2. Patients who have recurrence during cytotoxic therapy: Olverembatinib must be given at least 14 days after the last dose of chemotherapy with the following exceptions: Intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy and/or maintenance therapy, e.g., vincristine, purinethol, methotrexate, or glucocorticoids. For relapsed patients on maintenance therapy, 24-hour washout period is required. 3. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): Patients who relapse after HSCT are acceptable, provided that they do not have acute or chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) or receive GVHD prophylaxis or treatment, and use the first dose of olverembatinib at least 90 days after transplantation. 4. Biological and targeted drug products: At least a 7-day washout period is required for biological products prior to the first dose of olverembatinib. If a known adverse event (AE) occurs following the discontinuation of biological products, the period must be prolonged to cover the onset time of the known AE. The specific washout period can be comprehensively determined by the investigator. 5. Monoclonal antibodies: There must be at least 3 half-lives from the use of monoclonal antibodies to the first dose of olverembatinib. 6. Immunotherapy: Prior to the first dose of olverembatinib, there should be at least a 30-day washout period after completing any type of immunotherapies (e.g., tumor vaccine and chimeric antigen receptor T cell \[CAR-T-cell\]). 7. Immunosuppressive therapy: Prior to the first dose of olverembatinib, there must be at least a 14-day washout period after completing immunosuppressive therapy (including the regimen after stem cell transplantation). 8. Radiotherapy: No washout period is needed for the radiotherapy of any extramedullary site excluding the central nervous system (CNS); if subjects have received whole-body irradiation or craniospinal radiation or cranial radiation, the washout period must be more than 90 days. 9. Anthracyclines: Prior to the first dose of olverembatinib, a cumulative dose of anthracyclines received by subjects must be less than 400 mg/m2 of adriamycin equivalent. 10. Subjects who do not use concomitant medications that may have potential drug-drug interactions with olverembatinib. Or else, at least 5-day washout period is required. 11. Subjects who never used olverembatinib. Exclusion Criteria: * The subject who meets any of the following criteria cannot be enrolled in this study: 1. Any AEs (excluding alopecia and pigmentation) that are due to other anti-tumor therapies have not recovered to CTCAE v5.0 grade 0 - 1. 2. Gastrointestinal dysfunction or gastrointestinal diseases that may significantly alter absorption of study drug. 3. Uncontrollable or serious cardiovascular diseases. 4. Subjects with symptomatic CNS disorder (e.g., convulsion caused by CNS disorder). 5. Patients who have significant bleeding unrelated to Ph+ ALL. 6. Patients who are known to have hypersensitivity to any component of the study drug. 7. Patients with uncontrolled systemic infection, or there is laboratory or clinical evidence for infection with active human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or SARS-CoV-2. 8. Vaccination with attenuated live vaccines within 28 days prior to study treatment. 9. Patients who have any conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, would jeopardize the patient safety or interfere with the evaluation of safety and efficacy of the study drug.