Nasal stem cell spray could slow Alzheimer's – first human test begins

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

* Inclusion Criteria: * Male or postmenopausal female, aged 50 to 75 years. * Meets the 2011 NIA-AA criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease dementia. * Age at onset ≤65 years. * CMMS score 5-20 * Stable dose for at least 2 months before enrollment if receiving pro-cognitive or psychiatric medications. * Primary school education or above and able to complete study-required cognitive assessments. * Hachinski Ischemic Score ≤4. * GDS-30 total score ≤10. * Screening brain MRI+DWI+SWI meeting protocol-defined cerebrovascular exclusion thresholds and no major structural abnormalities inconsistent with Alzheimer's disease. * Positive amyloid pathology confirmed by Aβ-PET at screening or before enrollment. * Adequate vision and hearing to complete assessments. * Has a reliable caregiver able to accompany the participant to study visits and provide information for assessments. * Willing to participate and sign informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Dementia due to causes other than Alzheimer's disease. * Brain MRI showing any of the following: Fazekas white matter hyperintensity score \>2; more than 2 lacunar infarcts \>1.5 cm; lacunar infarcts involving critical regions such as the thalamus, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, or parahippocampal region; cerebral hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, intracranial mass lesion, or other clinically significant structural abnormalities. * Allergy to stem cell-derived exosomes or PET examination. * Severe psychiatric disorder or symptoms. * Significant active physical illness, including severe cardiac disease, severe systemic infection, or severe liver/kidney dysfunction. * Elevated tumor markers or tumor history. * Immune-related disease. * Significant nasal obstruction. * Serious suicide risk. * Participation in another clinical trial or stem cell therapy within the past 6 months. * Any other condition judged inappropriate by the investigator. * Contraindications to MRI or inability to complete MRI examinations, including non-MRI-compatible metallic implants, certain stents, plates, pacemakers, or severe claustrophobia.