Could a common numbing drug replace opioids after liver surgery?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Inclusion criterion 1 : Age ≥ 18 years * Inclusion criterion 2 : Undergoing a scheduled surgery for open hepatectomy * Inclusion criterion 3 : Effective contraception in accordance with CFTG recommendations * Inclusion criterion 4 : Having received oral and written information about the protocol and having signed a consent form to take part in this research * Inclusion criterion 5 : Affiliated to a social security scheme Exclusion Criteria: * Exclusion criterion 1 : Weight \> 100 kg * Exclusion criterion 2 : Allergy or contraindication to lidocaine or one of its excipients and, in particular: * Known hypersensitivity to lidocaine hydrochloride, to amide-type local anesthetics, or to any of the excipients (sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide solution or concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, water for injection) * Treatment with following antiarythmic medication : class I, class III or Sotalol * Heart failure NYHA grade 3-4, AV-block \>1, without pacemaker * Acute porphyria * Recurrent porphyrias * Uncontrolled epilepsy / Seizure at enrollment * Exclusion criterion 3 : Allergy to one of the drugs used for anaesthesia or one of their excipients * Exclusion criterion 4 : Nefopam contraindication and, in particular: * Renal insufficiency (Creatinine clearance \< 15 mL/min) * Untreated glaucoma * Uncontrolled epilepsy * Allergy * Exclusion criterion 5 : Ketoprofen contraindication and, in particular: * Renal insufficiency (Creatinine clearance \< 50 mL/min) * Inflammatory bowel disease * Allergy * Exclusion criterion 6 : Urgent surgery * Exclusion criterion 7 : Transplant surgery or transplanted patients * Exclusion criterion 8 : Surgery with planned regional anaesthesia * Exclusion criterion 9 : Patient with a preoperative Sp02 \< 95% * Exclusion criterion 10 : Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome * Exclusion criterion 11 : Severe hepatic insufficiency (Prothrombin Ratio \< 15%) * Exclusion criterion 12 : Patient with an ongoing opioid medication that will blur the results * Exclusion criterion 13 : Adults under legal protection (safeguard of justice, curatorship, guardianship), persons deprived of their liberty, pregnant or breast-feeding women, minors, persons unable to express their consent, persons hospitalized for a different reason * Exclusion criterion 14 : Known participation in other interventional research (RIPH1 or RIPH2)