Battle of the scopes: which kidney stone surgery is safer and more effective?

This study compared two common surgeries for removing kidney stones up to 2 cm: flexible ureteroscopy (a scope through the urinary tract) and mini-PCNL (a tiny incision in the back). 118 adults were randomly assigned to one of the two procedures. The main goal was to see which method cleared more stones completely, with fewer complications and shorter hospital stays.