Robots that learn to interact like humans could transform stroke rehabilitation

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria for Healthy Participants: * Age from 18 to 80 years * No history of a brain and/or skull lesion * Normal hearing and vision, can be corrected * Able to understand and give informed consent * No neurological disorders * Absence of pathology that could cause abnormal movements of extremities (e.g., epilepsy, stroke, marked arthritis, chronic pain, musculoskeletal injuries) * Able to understand and speak English * Height between 3 foot 6 inches (1.1 meters) and 6 foot 2 inches Inclusion Criteria for Participants Post-Stroke: * Age from 18 to 80 years * History of unilateral, supratentorial, ischemic or hemorrhage stroke greater than 6 month * Ability to walk \>10m independently on level ground, allowed to use assistive devices or bracing as needed * Self-selected walking speed is less than 0.8 meters/sec * Medically stable * No concurrent surgeries, medical treatments, participation in research or outpatient therapy * Normal hearing and vision, both can be corrected * Able to understand and give informed consent * Able to understand and speak English * Height between 3 foot 6 inches (1.1 meters) and 6 foot 2 inches Inclusion Criteria for Participants with Spinal Cord Injury: * Age from 18 to 80 years * History of incomplete SCI injury (ASIA C or D) \> 6 months prior * Ability to walk \>10 m independently on level ground, allowed to use assistive devices or bracing as needed * Self-selected walking speed is less than 0.8 meters/sec * Medically stable * No concurrent surgeries, medical treatments, participation in research or outpatient therapy * Normal hearing and vision, both can be corrected * Able to understand and give informed consent * Able to understand and speak English * Height between 3 foot 6 inches (1.1 meters) and 6 foot 2 inches Exclusion Criteria for Healthy Participants: * Weight over 220 lbs * Pregnancy (ruled out by pregnancy questionnaire) * Current presence of wounds or pressure ulcers * Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease or other neurodegenerative disorder, severe dementia, brain injury, spinal cord injury, or cancer of the central nervous system * History of significant head trauma (i.e., extended loss of consciousness, neurological sequelae) * Known structural brain lesion * Significant other disease (heart disease, malignant tumors, mental disorders) * History or peripheral nerve injury * History of sustained non-prescribed drug use or substance abuse (exception: current nicotine use is allowed) * Prior neurosurgical procedures * Inability or unwillingness to perform study-required activities * Prisoners * Unable to meet SRAlab "MRI Pre-Examination Screening Form" requirements Exclusion Criteria for Participants Post-Stroke: * Weight over 220 lbs * Pregnancy (ruled out by pregnancy test) * Botox (botulinum toxin) injection to lower limbs within the prior 3 months, or planned injection during study period. * Current presence of wounds or pressure ulcers * History of sustained non-prescribed drug use or substance abuse (exception: current nicotine use is allowed) * Reduced cognitive function * Severe aphasia * Prisoners * Co-existence of other neurological diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease or other neurodegenerative disorder, severe dementia, brain injury, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, or cancer of the central nervous system) * History or peripheral nerve injury * Severe hip, knee, or ankle arthritis * Recent fracture or osteoporosis * Significant spasticity in the lower limbs (≥3 on Modified Ashworth Scale) * Medical (cardiac, renal, hepatic, oncological) or psychiatric disease that would interfere with study procedures * Inability or unwillingness to perform study-required activities * Unable to meet SRAlab "MRI Pre-Examination Screening Form" requirements Exclusion Criteria for Participants with Spinal Cord Injury: * Weight over 220 lbs * Pregnancy (ruled out by pregnancy test) * Botox (botulinum toxin) injection to lower limbs within the prior 3 months, or planned injection during study period * Current presence of wounds or pressure ulcers * History of sustained non-prescribed drug use or substance abuse (exception: current nicotine use is allowed) * Prisoners * Co-existence of other neurological diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease or other neurodegenerative disorder, severe dementia, brain injury, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, or cancer of the central nervous system) * History of peripheral nerve injury * Severe hip, knee, or ankle arthritis * Recent fracture or osteoporosis * Significant spasticity in the lower limbs ( ≥3 on Modified Ashworth Scale) * Medical (cardiac, renal, hepatic, oncological) or psychiatric disease that would interfere with study procedures * Inability or unwillingness to perform study-required activities * Unable to meet SRAlab "MRI Pre-Examination Screening Form" requirements