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Cash for breastfeeding? a new trial tests if incentives boost nursing rates

NCT ID NCT03964454

Prevention Sponsor: Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

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Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Aug 20, 2026 · Last updated Aug 21, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This study tests whether adding monthly financial incentives to standard breastfeeding support from the WIC program can help low-income mothers breastfeed for longer. Half of the participants will receive the usual WIC services plus home visits, while the other half will also get cash rewards each month they are observed breastfeeding. The goal is to see if this approach increases breastfeeding duration, reduces infant health problems, and saves healthcare costs.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
A behavioral intervention combining standard WIC breastfeeding support with monthly financial incentives contingent on observed breastfeeding.
What this could lead to
If effective, this approach could offer a simple, scalable way to boost breastfeeding rates among low-income mothers, potentially improving infant health and reducing healthcare costs.
What could go wrong
The trial is relatively small and relies on self-selected participants, so results may not apply broadly. Financial incentives may not be enough to overcome all barriers to breastfeeding.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

168 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Jun 2019

Finished

May 2025

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 to 44 years

Sex

Female participants only

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * mothers must initiate breastfeeding * mothers must be WIC-enrolled or eligible to enroll in WIC services * mothers must reside and plan to stay in the study county for 12 months postpartum * mothers must consent voluntarily * mothers must understand fifth grade level of English * mothers must be at least 18 years old Exclusion Criteria: * mothers whose babies are medically contraindicated against breastfeeding * mothers who are hospitalized for severe postpartum medical issues * mothers who have ongoing illicit drug use issues * mothers who had a psychiatric hospitalization within the last three months * mothers who currently have suicidal thoughts or attempts

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As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Breastfeeding duration

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Christiana Care Health Services, Inc.

    Newark, Delaware, 19718, United States

  • Temple University

    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122, United States

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