Food flavors on the breath may reveal hidden liver disease

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Able to provide written informed consent. * \>18 years old. * Body weight \> 50 kg. * Alcohol consumption - does not drink to excess (\>30 g/day in men, \>20 g/day in women). * Fibroscan kilopascal (kPa) between 8.5 and 13.5 within 6 months and/or a liver biopsy within the last 3 years showing a fibrosis activity score ≥ F2 and a NAS score \> 4 with a diagnosis of non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) Exclusion Criteria: * (Anticipated) inability to complete the breath sampling procedure due to e.g. inability to maintain adequate ventilation unaided or claustrophobia / Inability to comply with the study procedures in the opinion of the investigator. * Participant has cirrhosis. * Participant has current hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or currently being treated for HCC. Those previously with/treated for and now clear of HCC can be recruited. * Participant's cause of liver disease is known to be one of alcohol abuse, hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, medications, haemochromatosis, alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease, biliary problems. * Presence of current common cold or any other infectious disease including any recent symptoms of Covid-19. * Participant is known to be pregnant or breast feeding. * Participant with a diagnosis of chronic, active gastritis * Participant is affected by asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and/or airway hyperactivity. * Known intolerances and/or allergies (\*) to any food containing tested compounds. For limonene, citrus fruits, and fruit juices. For benzyl alcohol, apricots, cranberries, and cocoa. For 2-pentanone cheddar cheese, ripe bananas, and defatted soybean flour. For 2-butanol cheddar cheese and yogurt. For nonanal, apple, avocado, black currants, cooked beef, cucumber, fish, grapefruit, lemon, lime, mandarin, orange, and peach.